文本描述
经济政策不确定性对商业银行信贷供给的影响研究
摘要
近些年来,国际间政治、经济环境呈现愈加复杂多变的趋势,不确定性因素
不断涌现。在全球化背景下,英国脱欧、中美贸易冲突以及新冠肺炎在全球蔓延
等国际事件的发生,促使全球政治、经济走上不断深化调整的道路,世界政治、
经济形势的不确定性不断增加。目前,我国经济正处于“三期叠加”的特定阶段,
经济发展步入新常态。在新常态下,我国经济政策调控的主方向是供给侧结构性
改革。对此,我国的经济政策表现出了不同的阶段性特征,由过去的“刺激型”
逐渐向“调节型”过渡。这些经济政策的转变对于政府部门而言是一次新的探索,
对于经济参与主体而言也是一种新体验,由此导致了新常态背景下我国的经济政
策不确定性显著上升。我国作为一个新兴的转型经济体国家,其资本市场尚未完
善,银行作为主要的金融中介,在我国的金融体系中占据着主导地位,以银行贷
款为代表的间接融资依旧是社会融资的最主要方式。商业银行是沟通实体经济与
金融的重要枢纽,是各类经济政策的重要传导渠道,银行的放贷行为是影响经济
稳定的关键因素。因此,在我国经济政策不确定性凸显的背景下,研究其对银行
信贷行为的影响具有重要意义。
基于上述考虑,本文首先对经济政策不确定性的相关文献与银行信贷的相关
文献进行总结,梳理出经济政策不确定性对银行信贷的传导途径。然后以投资组
合模型,理论推导出经济政策不确定性对银行信贷业务结构调整的影响。再选取
Baker等基于《南华早报》构建的经济政策不确定性指数作为经济政策不确定性
指标,利用 2008-2019年 88家商业银行的非平衡面板数据进行实证研究,同时
还通过引入外部环境(社会信用环境与金融深化)与内部特征(银行的流动性与
银行风险)来深入探讨对该影响的调节效应,并进一步讨论了不同银行的异质性
影响。最后,在实证与理论分析基础上充分考虑我国国情,针对性的提出相关对
策和建议。
本文得到的主要结论是:(1)经济政策不确定性对银行信贷供给具有显著的
负向影响。经济政策不确定性升高时,银行会改变贷款业务,减少信用贷款,增
加担保贷款。(2)社会信用环境的改善和银行流动性的提高可以缓解经济政策不
确定性对商业银行信贷供给的抑制作用,而金融深化的深入和银行风险的提高会
I
经济政策不确定性对商业银行信贷供给的影响研究
加剧经济政策不确定性对商业银行信贷供给的抑制作用。(3)相较于全国性银行
和上市银行,地方性银行和非上市银行的信贷供给更容易受经济政策不确定性的
影响。基于以上结论,提出以下建议:(1)政府部门应当尽量实施稳健的经济政
策,同时建立健全政策解读机制。(2)商业银行要提高理论认识程度,提高创新
能力,拓宽业务范围,完善风险管理机制。(3)加快资本市场建设,增加社会融
资方式,减少对银行信贷的依赖。加强社会诚信建设,合理把握金融改革进度。
关键词:经济政策不确定性;银行信贷;外部环境;内部特征
II
经济政策不确定性对商业银行信贷供给的影响研究
Abstract
In recent years, the international political and economic environment has become
increasingly complex and volatile, with uncertainties constantly emerging. In the
context of globalization, international events such as Brexit, china-us trade conflict and
the global spread of COVID-19 have forced global politics and economy to embark on
a path of deepening adjustment, and the world political and economic situation is
increasingly uncertain. At present, China's economy is in a specific stage of "three
phases superimposed", and its economic development has stepped into a new normal.
Under the new normal, the main direction of China's economic policy regulation is
supply-side structural reform. In this regard, China's economic policies show different
stage characteristics, from the past "stimulus" gradually to "regulation" transition.
These changes in economic policies are a new exploration for government departments
and a new experience for economic participants, resulting in a significant increase in
the uncertainty of China's economic policies under the background of the new normal.
As an emerging economy in transition, China's capital market is not yet perfect. As the
main financial intermediary, banks play a dominant role in China's financial system.
Indirect financing represented by bank loans is still the most important way of social
financing. Commercial banks are an important hub of communication between real
economy and finance, and an important transmission channel of various economic
policies. The lending behavior of banks is a key factor affecting economic stability.
Therefore, under the background of prominent economic policy uncertainty in China,
it is of great significance to study its impact on bank credit behavior.
Based on the above considerations, this paper first summarizes the literature
related to economic policy uncertainty and bank credit, and sorts out the transmission
path of economic policy uncertainty to bank credit. Then the influence of economic
policy uncertainty on bank credit business structure adjustment is deduced theoretically
by portfolio model. Then, the economic policy uncertainty index constructed by Baker
III
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