摘要
随着我国社会的发展，百姓的生活质量得到了很大提高，人们对改善和提升
生活水平的愿望进一步强烈。同时我国也出现了人口老龄化，老年人的养老问题
也凸显出来。作为人口大国，我国一个突出的现象就是农村人口所占比例较高，
农村老龄化比较严重，同时农村养老服务体系建设不到位，所以说农村老年人养
老问题形式严峻。河北省青龙满族自治县在农村养老服务上做了一些工作，出台
了一些方案和措施。但是面对农村人口的老龄化的发展趋势，以及养老服务需求
的日益增多，青龙满族自治县在农村老人养老服务上做的还不到位。
通过对青龙满族自治县乡镇老年人的养老问题进行了相应的研究，分析目前
老年人养老服务存在的问题，并深入剖析原因，提出了改进养老服务的意见和建
议，同时为全国其他农村地区或者民族地区提供一些解决养老问题的建议和思考。
本文选取青龙满族自治县的其中一个具有代表性的乡镇七道河乡进行了养老
相关研究。通过调研和问卷调查的方式深入分析了老龄化背景下七道河乡农村养
老服务的现状，以及当前七道河乡农村养老在经济基础、生活照顾、精神娱乐慰
藉、医疗保障等方面存在的问题和原因，并对国内外养老服务的情况进行了介绍，
吸取了一些好的做法和经验，同时结合当前老人在养老服务上的具体需求，结合
马斯洛需求层次理论、公共产品供给理论、社会福利多元主义理论和社会支持理
论等，对青龙县七道河乡养老服务存在的问题提出了对策建议。比如在经济上政
府加大经济基础保障，多措并举提高农民收入水平，多方举措降低老人经济负担，
提高村集体经济帮助能力。在生活起居上加大基础生活保障，并同时积极引进社
会资源。在精神文明方面，整合社会资源，构建多方面合作机制，促进精神文明
服务优化。在医疗保障上加强基层医疗机构基础设施建设，通过政府、社会等多
方面资源改善医院医疗设备、补充医生、护士等专业人才。在养老人才上加大专
业养老人才建设，改善养老人才体系。最后提出应用创新型智慧养老平台建设，
供给多样化的内容和满足不同的需求。
关键词：老龄化农村养老养老服务
对策建议
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Abstract
With the development of our society, people's quality of life has been greatly
improved, and people's desire to improve and enhance their living standards has become
stronger. At the same time, my country has also experienced an aging population, and
the problem of old-age care for the elderly has also become prominent. As a country
with a large population, a prominent phenomenon in my country is that the proportion
of the rural population is relatively high, the rural aging is relatively serious, and the
construction of the rural elderly care service system is not in place, so the problem of
elderly care in rural areas is serious. Qinglong Manchu Autonomous County has done
some work on rural elderly care services and introduced some plans and measures.
However, in the face of the aging development trend of the rural population and the
increasing demand for elderly care services, Qinglong Manchu Autonomous County has
not done enough in the elderly care services in rural areas.
Through the corresponding research on the old-age care problems of the elderly in
towns and villages in Qinglong Manchu Autonomous County, the current problems of
the old-age care services for the elderly are analyzed, and the reasons are deeply
analyzed. The district provides some suggestions and reflections on solving pension
problems.
This paper selects one of the representative townships in Qinglong Manchu
Autonomous County, Qidaohe Township, to carry out research on pension-related issues.
Through surveys and questionnaires, this paper deeply analyzes the current situation of
rural elderly care services in Qidaohe Township under the background of aging, as well
as the current problems and causes of rural elderly care in Qidaohe Township in terms
of economic foundation, life care, spiritual entertainment, medical security, etc. , and
introduced the situation of elderly care services at home and abroad, learned some good
practices and experiences, and combined with the current specific needs of the elderly in
elderly care services, combined with Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, the theory of
public product supply, the diversity of social welfare and the theory of socialism and
social support. It puts forward countermeasures and suggestions for the problems
existing in the elderly care service in Qidaohe Township, Qinglong County. For
example, in terms of economy, the government has increased the basic guarantee of the
economy, take multiple measures to increase the income level of farmers and reduce the
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economic burden of the elderly, and improve the ability of the village to help the
collective economy. Consolidate and increase basic living security in daily life, and
actively introduce social resources at the same time. In terms of spiritual civilization,
integrate social resources, build a multi-faceted cooperation mechanism, and promote
the optimization of spiritual civilization services. In terms of medical security,
strengthen the infrastructure construction of grass-roots medical institutions, improve
hospital medical equipment through government, social and other resources, and
supplement doctors, nurses and other professional talents. In terms of pension talents,
we will increase the construction of professional pension talents and improve the
pension talent system. Finally, the construction of an innovative smart pension platform
is proposed to provide diversified content and meet different needs.
KEY WORDS: Aging, rural elderly care, elderly care service, countermeasures
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