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2006年12月,中国银行业监督管理委员会出台的《关于调整放宽农村地区银行业 金融机构准入政策,更好支持和社会主义新农村建设的若干意见》为村镇银行的设立提 供了政策“沃土”,打破了中国农村金融市场的沉寂,村镇银行在中国大地上如雨后春 笋般快速地发展起来。截至2017年12月末,全国各地共组建村镇银行1565家,覆盖 了我国68%以上的县市。村镇银行的设立,在一定程度上增加了农村金融供给,村镇银 行已逐步承担起服务“三农”的使命,推动着中国农村经济的发展。然而,经营环境的 变化,就外部环境而言,金融监管的逐步完善、利率市场化的全面放开、互联网金融对 农村金融市场的争夺、各项财税优惠政策即将到期,就内部环境而言,村镇银行社会认 可度尚待提升、各村镇银行运营管理水平差异较大、贷款增速的逐步放缓,多方面因素 的影响,使村镇银行当前的盈利能力、未来的运营管理和长期的业务发展受到制约。因 此,有必要深入研宂和分析村镇银行的盈利模式,总结发展较好的村镇银行的经营管理 理念,并在此基础上构建适合村镇银行的盈利模式。 设立在西部H县的GM村镇银行于2009年开始筹备,2011年4月26日正式开业。 截至2017年12月末,GM村镇银行在H县共开设6个网点,其中3个网点设立在H县郊 区,3个网点设在乡镇,存款余额为40089.57万元,同比增幅52.4%,贷款余额为34970.77 万元,同比增幅36.39%。经过6年多的发展,GM村镇银行己经成为了H县发展较快、 具有成长活力、在农村地区拥有一定影响力的银行。然而城市商业银行对农村金融市场 对争夺,2017年末,己经设立8家银行机构的H县又新增1家城市银行进驻,加剧了H 县农村地区银行的同业竞争,让本来在夹缝中求生存的GM村镇银行面临更大的压力。 GM村镇银行的处境与大部分设立于西部地区的村镇银行具有较大的相似性,研宄其盈利 模式存在的问题,并提出构建“品牌加产业互动”的盈利模式的建议,对于推动西部地 区村镇银行更健康的发展具有一定的借鉴意义。 关键词:村镇银行;盈利模式;金融环境;可持续发展 I RESEARCHONTHEPROFITMODELOFGMVILLAGE ANDTOWNSHIPBANK ABSTRACT InDecember20065ChinaBankingRegulatoryCommissionissued<sSeverleropinionson theadjustmenttoeasemarketaccessofruralfinancialinstitutiongswithbankingpolicies bettersupportsocialismnewruralconstruction,5,putforwardtosetupvillageandtownship banks.ThepolicebrokethesilenceofChineseruralfinancialmarket,villageandtownship bankshavesprunguprapidlyinChina.AttheendofDecember2017,thereare1565village andtownshipbankssetupinChina.Villageandtownshiphavecoveredmorethan68%ofthe nation’sruralcoutriesandcities.Theestablishmentofvillageandtownshipbankshas increasedthefinancialsupplyinruralareastoacertainextent.Thevillageandtownship bankshavegraduallytakenonthemissionofservingtheThreeRuralIssues—theagriculture, ruralareas,andfarmers,boostingtheruraleconomyinChina.However,thebusiness environmentischangingbothexternallyandinternally.Theoutsideenvironmentiswitnessing thestep-by-stepimprovementofthefinancialsupervision,thefullliberalizationofthe market-orientedinterestrate,thecorrodingoccupancyintheruralfinancialmarketbythe Internetfinance,andthecomingexpirationofvariousfiscalandtaxincentives.Inthe meantime,theinternalenvironmentischangingaccordingly.Thesocialrecognitionofvillage andtownshipbanksisyettoimprove,theoperationandmanagementcapabilitiesofdifferent villageandtownshipbanksvary,andthegrowthoftheloanslowsdowngradually.The impactofthesecombinedfactorshaslimitedthecurrentprofitability,thefutureoperationand management,andthelong-termbusinessdevelopmentofthevillageandtownshipbanks.Itis, therefore,necessarytocarryoutanin-depthresearchandanalysisoftheprofitmodelofthe villageandtownshipbanks,summarizetheoperationandmanagementconceptsofwell-run villageandtownshipbanks,andthenconstructtheprofitmodelthatsuitsthevillageand townshipbanks. TheGMvillageandtownshipbanksituatedinHCountyinWestChinabeganits preparationsince2009andopenedofficiallyonApril26,2011.AsoftheendofDecember 2017,theGMvillageandtownshipbankhadestablished6branchesinHcounty,with3in suburbanareaswhiletheother3intown.Thedepositbalancewas400.8957millionyuan,an u increaseof52.4%comparedwiththesameperiodlastyear.Theloanbalanceincreasedby 36.39%to349.7077millionyuan.Overthepastsixyears,theGMvillageandtownshipbank hasprogressedtobeabankwithrapiddevelopment,highpotentialforgrowth,andcertain influenceintheruralarea.However,theurbancommercialbanksneverstoppedsnatchingthe financialmarketinruralareas.Bytheendof2017,oneurbanbankenteredtheHCounty despitethe8bankinginstitutionsalreadyexistedthere,whichintensifiedthehorizontal competitionamongbanksinHCounty,imposingmorepressuretotheGMvillageand townshipbankthatkeptseekingsurvivalinatightcomer.WhattheGMvillageandtownship bankhasexperiencedbearsgreatresemblancetothatofthemajorityofvillageandtownship banksestablishedinWestChina.Therefore,tostudytheexistingproblemsinGM’sprofit modelandtoproposesuggestionstotheconstructionandtransformationofGMareof significancewithinabroaderrange,sincetheycanpromotethehealthierdevelopmentof similarvillageandtownshipbanksinWestChina. Keywords:villageandtownshipbanks;Profitmodel;financialenvironment; sustainabledevelopment hi 目录 mmi ABSTRACTII