企业是构成社会经济的基础，对整个社会的发展起着至关重要的作用，企业 的成功与否决定经济的发展，社会的稳定，国家的兴衰。可持续发展已成为企业 面临的最急迫的命题之一，当经济全球化的发展规模越来越大，竞争方式日趋激 烈，企业无时无刻不面临着新的挑战，企业的生存与发展环境被复杂性、不确定 性和不可预测性包围，同时消费者需求在全球一体化的刺激下也在不断地改变， 使得企业在其发展过程中往往面临着这样或者那样的风险或是危机。对于如何能 够经营好企业，使得基业百年长青，是企业家们应该思考的问题。在中国经济高 速发展的当下，房地产市场高度市场化，由于国民投资工具较少，房产往往成为 资产配置的首选。从改革开放至今，房地产市场高速发展，形成了许多巨无霸房 企，尽管如此企业在高速发展的今天也同样遇到了这样或是那样的风险或危机。 因此，对于企业管理者们如何能使企业降低风险，避免危机，是他们的必修课。 近年来，脆弱性理论从自然科学领域研究逐步引入到管理学领域，目前还没 有对某一特定行业进行深入研究。房地产做为国家支柱型产业一直备受关注，从 2015年起全国房地产市场迎来了一轮快速、普遍上涨。随后国家提出“房住不 炒”的基本调控思路，率先对过热城市进行调控，接着全国各大城市因城施策， 截止到目前为止国家的调控一刻未松弛。最终导致近几年来房地产市场开始下 行，行业风险不断加大，一些本土、中小房地产商开始纷纷破产、被收购，大型 发地产商纷纷开始去库存，保证现金流的充裕。本文开展的理论研究是基于没有 发生危机的房地产企业，在对企业内部环境和外部环境分析的基础上，探究企业 在正常运营过程中，所暴露出来的脆弱性进行评价，并最终提出降低该企业脆弱 性的系列建议，从而增强企业的抗风险能力，使企业能够在该行业持续健康发展。 本文在实证调研的基础上，综合运用脆弱性相关理论及管理学理论展开研 究。论文共分为六章，对国内外脆弱性研究的相关文献进行总结归纳，提出房地 产开发企业的组织脆弱性概念，根据公司实际情况分析出脆弱性所包含的因素， 要求公司管理层对各因素权重打分，量化出各因素的权重，并在此基础上设计调 查问卷进行投放，最终通过统计，以量化的方式得出企业的脆弱性现状，并最终 提出相关建议，以使得企业能够可持续发展。 本论文的主要结论是：界定了企业脆弱性的概念；房地产市场组织脆弱性模 型的建立；CD公司脆弱性维度中的各种因素的权重分布；降低CD企业组织脆弱 性的建议。 关键词：组织脆弱性；可持续发展；危机因子 Abstract Enterprisesarethebasisofsocialeconomyandplayanimportantroleinthe developmentofthewholesociety.Theriseandfallofenterprisesdeterminethe economicdevelopment,socialstabilityandtheriseandfallofthecountry. Sustainabledevelopmenthasbecomeoneofthemosturgentpropositionsfacedby enterprises.Withtheincreasingscaleofeconomicglobalizationandfierce competition,enterprisesarefacingnewchallengesallthetime.Theenvironmentof survivalanddevelopmentofenterprisesissurroundedbycomplexity,uncertaintyand unpredictability.Atthesametime,consumerdemandisincreasing.Stimulatedby globalintegration,enterprisesarealsoconstantlychanging,makingthemfacerisksor crisesofonekindoranotherintheirdevelopmentprocess.Howtomanagethe enterprisewellandmakethefoundationindustrygrowupforahundredyearsisa questionthatentrepreneursshouldthinkabout.WiththerapiddevelopmentofChina's economy,therealestatemarketishighlymarket-oriented.Astherearefewernational investmentinstruments,realestateoftenbecomesthefirstchoiceforassetallocation. Sincethereformandopeningup,therealestatemarkethasdevelopedatahighspeed, forminganumberoflarge-scalehousingenterprises.Evenso,theenterprisesalso encounterrisksorcrisesofonekindoranotherintoday'shigh-speeddevelopment. Therefore,itisacompulsorycourseforbusinessmanagerstoreducerisksandavoid crises. Inrecentyears,thetheoryofvulnerabilityhasbeengraduallyintroducedintothe fieldofmanagementfromthefieldofnaturalscience.Asanationalpillarindustry, realestatehasbeenreceivingmuchattention.Since2015,thenationalrealestate markethasusheredinaroundofrapidandgeneralgrowth.Thenthecountryput forwardthe"housingdoesnotfry"basicregulationthinking,taketheleadinthe regulationofoverheatingcities,andthenthecountry'smajorcitiesbecauseofthecity policy,sofartheregulationofthecountryhasnotrelaxed.Asaresult,therealestate marketbegantodeclineinrecentyears,andtherisksoftheindustrywereconstantly increasing.Somelocalandsmallrealestatedevelopersbegantogobankruptandbe acquiredoneafteranother,andlargedevelopersbegantodestocktoensureabundant cashflow.Researchonthetheoryofthisarticleisbasedontherealestateenterprises havenocrisis,intheenterpriseinternalenvironmentandexternalenvironment analysis,onthebasisofexploringenterpriseintheprocessofnormaloperation, exposedthevulnerabilityevaluation,andfinallysuggestsseriestoreducethe vulnerabilityoftheenterprise,toenhancetheanti-riskabilityoftheenterprise,the enterprisecanbesustainedandhealthydevelopmentintheindustry.Onthebasisof empiricalresearch,thispapercomprehensivelyusesvulnerabilitytheoryand managementtheorytocarryoutresearch.Thispaperisdividedintosixchapters.It summarizestherelevantliteraturesonvulnerabilitystudiesathomeandabroad,puts forwardtheconceptoforganizationalvulnerabilityofrealestatedevelopment enterprises,analysesthefactorsinvolvedinvulnerabilityaccordingtotheactual situationofthecompany,requeststhecompanymanagementtogradetheweightsof eachfactor,quantifytheweightsofeachfactor,andonthisbasis.Thequestionnaireis designedandreleased.Finally,throughstatistics,thevulnerabilitystatusof enterprisesisobtainedquantitatively.Finally,relevantsuggestionsareputforwardin ordertomakeenterprisessustainabledevelopment. Themainconclusionsofthispaperare:theconceptofenterprisevulnerabilityis defined;Theestablishmentoftherealestatemarketorganizationvulnerabilitymodel; TheweightdistributionofvariousfactorsinthevulnerabilitydimensionofCD company;SuggestionsforreducingthevulnerabilityofCDenterpriseorganizations. Keywords:organizationalvulnerability;Sustainabledevelopment;Thecrisisfactors. I 目录 第一章绪论................................................................................................1 1.1研究背景与研究意义....................................................................................1 1.1.1研究背景.................................................................................................................1 1.1.2研究意义.................................................................................................................2 1.2研究目标、内容与研究方法.........................................................................3 1.2.1研究目标.................................................................................................................3 1.2.2研究内容.................................................................................................................3 1.2.3研究方法.................................................................................................................3 第二章理论基础相关文献综述...........................................................5 2.1脆弱性理论..................................................................................................5 2.1.1脆弱性的研究领域...........................................................................................5 2.1.2脆弱性概念及其演化.......................................................................................6 2.1.3本研究可借鉴的脆弱性概念模型..................................................................7 2.1.4国内外文献综述.............................................................................................8 2.2企业可持续发展理论...............................................................................9 2.2.1理论的演化.......................................................................................................9 2.2.2国内外文献综述...............................................................................................9 第三章房地产企业组织脆弱性模型的建立.......................................11 3.1房地产企业组织脆弱性的概念..................................................................11 3.2形成房地产企业脆弱性的原因..................................................................12 3.3房地产企业脆弱性的构成..........................................................................13 3.3.1企业正常运营时脆弱性构成........................................