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在我国经济实现高速增长并成为全球第二大经济体进程中,自然资源的开 发利用扮演着至关重要的角色。尤其以不可再生的能源与矿产资源开采加工为 基本方式的资源型企业,自步入新世纪以来,实现了年均增速高达20%的迅猛 扩张与发展,创造了史无前例的成长速度,但快速扩张伴随着产能严重过剩与 供需不平衡的困境,粗放型增长方式已不可持续。为顺应国家供给侧结构性改 革之势,资源型企业应积极把质量体系提高作为主攻方向,推动发展质量驱动、 创新驱动的变革。此外,十九大报告提出大力推动产业优化升级,向国际标准 看齐,促进我国产业迈向全球价值链中高端,能源贸易使企业在交流的过程中 享受由此带来的技术溢出或者技术转移,参与到全球价值链上有助于提升进出 口产品质量。全球价值链嵌入固然是我国资源型企业化解过剩产能、扩张市场 空间的有效途径,但能否真正驱使其在价值链上攀升,最终实现创新与升级, 很大程度上取决于资源型企业的吸收能力。 基于企业成长理论、全球价值链理论、动态能力理论,考虑到《中国投入 产出表》与《世界投入产出表》的更新情况,本文选取2003年-2014年沪深两 市A股资源型上市公司为样本,应用Stata14.0软件对全球价值链嵌入、吸收能 力与资源型企业升级之间的关系进行验证。通过运用Stata14.0研究发现:(1) II 全球价值链嵌入对资源型企业升级呈正向影响作用,并正向作用于资产结构与 经济绩效;(2)吸收能力是驱动资源型企业升级的有效途径,知识吸收能力、 知识转化能力、知识应用能力均对资源型企业升级呈正向影响作用;(3)知识 转化能力在全球价值链嵌入对资源型企业升级的影响中呈正向调节作用。研究 结论表明:资源型企业面对产能过剩与供需不平衡的客观现实,协同发展全球 价值链嵌入与吸收能力对促进资源型企业升级,最终实现可持续发展具有同等 重要意义。这些结论加深了对资源型企业升级的了解,针对企业全球价值链嵌 入与吸收能力,得出了针对企业、产业、政府三个层面的一些启示和建议,希 望能够促进资源型企业实现更为有效的升级目标。 关键词:资源型企业升级;全球价值链嵌入;吸收能力;知识吸收能力;知识 转化能力;知识应用能力 III RESEARCHONTHEIMPACTOFGLOBALVALUE CHAINEMBEDDINGONTHEUPGRADEOF RESOURCE-BASEDENTERPRISES ——BASEDONTHEPERSPECTIVEOF ABSORPTIVECAPAPACITY ABSTRACT Thedevelopmentandutilizationofnaturalresourcesplaysacrucialroleinthe processofChina'srapideconomicgrowthandbecomingtheworld'ssecondlargest economy.Especiallywithnon-renewableenergyandmineralresourcesexploitation andprocessingofthebasicwayofresource-basedenterprise,sinceenteringthenew century,torealizetherapidexpansionanddevelopmentofaverageannualgrowth rateashighas20%,createdanunprecedentedgrowth,butrapidexpansion accompaniedbysevereovercapacityandtheplightofsupplyanddemandimbalance, extensivegrowthmodeisunsustainable.Inordertocomplywiththetrendofnational supply-sidestructuralreform,resource-basedenterprisesshouldactivelytakethe improvementofqualitysystemasthemainfocus,andpromotethedevelopmentof quality-driven,innovation-drivenreform.Inaddition,thereportofthe19thnational congressofthecommunistpartyofChinaproposedtovigorouslypromoteindustrial optimizationandupgrading,keepabreastofinternationalstandards,andpromote Chineseindustrytomovetothemiddleandhighendoftheglobalvaluechain. IV Globalvaluechain(GVC)embeddingisaneffectivewayforChina'sresource-based enterprisestoreduceovercapacityandexpandmarketspace,butwhetheritcantruly drivethemtoclimbupthevaluechainandultimatelyrealizeinnovationand upgradingdependslargelyontheabsorptivecapacityofresource-basedenterprises. Basedonthetheoryofenterprisegrowththeory,globalvaluechain,thedynamic capabilitytheory,consideringtheinput-outputtableofChinaandtheworldof input-outputtableofupdatesituation,thisarticleselectstheShanghaiandShenzhen twocityfrom2003to2014Asharesresourceslistedcompaniesassamples, applicationStata14.0softwareembeddedontheglobalvaluechain,absorptive capacityandtherelationshipbetweentheresource-basedenterprisesupgradefor validation.ThroughtheapplicationofStata14.0,itisfoundthat:(1)globalvalue chainembeddinghasapositiveeffectontheupgradingofresource-basedenterprises, andhasapositiveeffectonassetstructureandeconomicperformance;(2)absorptive capacityisaneffectivewaytodrivetheupgradingofresource-basedenterprises. Knowledgeabsorptioncapacity,knowledgetransformationcapacityandknowledge applicationcapacityallhaveapositiveimpactontheupgradingofresource-based enterprises.(3)knowledgetransformationabilityplaysapositiveregulatingrolein theimpactofglobalvaluechainembeddingontheupgradingofresource-based enterprises.Theresearchconclusionshowsthat:inthefaceoftheobjectiverealityof overcapacityandimbalancebetweensupplyanddemand,thecoordinated developmentofGVCembeddingandabsorptioncapacityisofequalsignificanceto promotetheupgradingofresource-basedenterprisesandtheultimaterealizationof sustainabledevelopment.Theseconclusionsdeepentheunderstandingofthe upgradingofresource-basedenterprises.Aimingattheembeddingandabsorbing capacityofenterprisesintheglobalvaluechain,someinspirationsandSuggestions aredrawnfromthethreelevelsofenterprises,industriesandgovernments,hopingto promoteresource-basedenterprisestoachievemoreeffectiveupgradinggoals. V KEYWORDS:upgradeofresource-basedenterprises;embeddingofglobalvaluechain; absorptivecapacity;knowledgeabsorptivecapacity;knowledgeconversionability; knowledgeapplicationability VI 目录 摘要.........................I ABSTRACT...........III 一、引言..................1 1.1选题背景与研究意义........1 1.1.1选题背景................1 1.1.2研究意义................2 1.2研究思路与方法...............3 1.2.1研究思路................3 1.2.2研究方法................5 1.3研究内容与贡献...............5 1.3.1研究内容................5 1.3.2研究贡献................6 二、概念界定与理论基础.....................7 2.1概念界定...........................7 2.1.1资源型企业升级的概念.......................7 2.1.2全球价值链的概念.8 2.1.3吸收能力的概念....8 2.2理论基础...........................9 2.2.1企业成长理论........9 2.2.2价值链理论..........10 2.2.3动态能力理论......10 2.2.4背景理论关系框架.............................11 2.3本章小结.........................12 三、我国资源型企业的基本情况.......13 3.1资源型企业现状.............13 3.1.1资源型企业的结构布局现状.............15 3.1.2资源型企业的经济效益现状.............16 3.1.3资源型企业的技术创新水平.............17 3.1.4资源型企业的节能减排现状.............20 3.2资源型企业嵌入全球价值链现状................22 3.3资源型企业嵌入全球价值链升级所面临的挑战.......................23 3.4本章小结.........................24 四、文献综述与研究假说...................25 VII 4.1全球价值链嵌入与资源型企业升级............25 4.2吸收能力与资源型企业升级........................26 4.3全球价值链嵌入、吸收能力与资源型企业升级.......................27 4.4本章小结.........................28 五、研究设计........29 5.1样本选取与数据来源.....29 5.2变量定义.........................30 5.2.1被解释变量...........30 5.2.2解释变量...............30 5.2.3控制变量...............32 5.3模型构建..........................32 5.4本章小结..........................33 六、实证结果与分析...........................34 6.1描述性统计.....................34 6.2相关性分析.....................35 6.3回归分析.........................37 6.3.1全球价值链嵌入与资源型企业升级的实证分析............37 6.3.2吸收能力与资源型企业升级的实证分析........................39 6.3.3吸收能力在资源型企业嵌入全球价值链升级的调节作用..........................40 6.3.4进一步扩展问题的实证结果.............42 6.4稳健性检验.....................44 6.5本章小结.........................46 七、研究结论与对策建议...................47 7.1研究结论.........................47 7.2政策建议.........................48 7.3研究不足与展望.............50