I 摘要 当前,我国经济已转向高质量发展阶段,促进消费机制体制的改革,不断增强 金融对消费升级的支撑力度，对我国经济结构转型至关重要。随着我国消费信贷需 求的增加,商业银行纷纷利用金融科技实现零售转型升级，并将消费信贷作为零售 业务的重点领域之一。但是，由于消费信贷通常无抵押、小额分散等特征，如何进 行授信审批已成为商业银行需要重点考虑的问题。 在阐述研究背景与综述现有研究的基础上，本文以 C 银行为研究对象，首先 详细梳理了其个人消费类信用贷款业务现状及存在的问题；其次，利用该行 2018- 2019 年间成功授信 1579 笔消费类信用贷款的账户数据，利用描述性统计、差异性 检验、Logistic 和 OLS 回归分析等方法，实证考察客户是否逾期和银行授信额度的 影响因素，并为 C 银行发展零售信贷提供对策与建议。 实证结果表明：在逾期概率的影响因素方面，性别、供养人数、婚姻状态、工 作单位、工作职位和个人收入等因素具有显著的正向影响作用，而年龄对是否逾期 为不显著的正向影响作用，受教育程度对是否逾期表现为不显著的影响作用。相对 而言，男性、已婚、家庭供养人数越多的客户发生逾期的可能性越大，而未婚、工 作职位越高、个人收入越高及工作单位为公务员或事业单位的客户逾期可能性越 低。在授信额度的影响因素方面，受教育程度、婚姻、工作类型、工作职位和个人 收入等因素具有显著的正向影响。总结来看，工作单位、工作职位和个人收入三个 客群特征对是否违约和授信额度同时具有显著的影响，可供 C 银行未来消费类信 用贷款的客群筛选和市场细分提供决策参考。 关键词：商业银行；信用贷款；授信ABSTRACT II ABSTRACT At present, China's economy has turned to the stage of high-quality development. Promoting the reform of consumption mechanism and system, and constantly strengthening the financial support for consumption upgrading are of great importance to the transformation of China's economic structure. With the increasing demand for consumer credit in China, commercial banks have used financial technology to realize the transformation and upgrading of retail business, and consumer credit is one of the key areas of retail business. However, due to the characteristics of consumer credit, such as no mortgage and small amount dispersion, how to conduct credit approval has become a key issue for commercial banks. On the basis of elaborating the research background and summarizing the existing research, this paper takes bank C as the research object, firstly, it combs in detail the current situation and existing problems of its personal consumer credit loan business; secondly, using the account data of 1579 consumer credit loans successfully granted by the bank from 2018 to 2019, using the methods of descriptive statistics, difference test, logistic and OLS regression analysis, etc, This paper empirically examines the factors that influence whether the customer is overdue and the bank credit line, and provides countermeasures and suggestions for Bank C to develop retail credit. The empirical results show that: in terms of influencing factors of overdue probability, gender, number of dependants, marital status, work unit, job position and personal income have significant positive effects, while age has no significant positive effect on overdue probability, and education level has no significant effect on overdue performance. Comparatively speaking, the more male, married and family dependent clients are, the more likely they are to be overdue, while the less likely they are to be overdue if they are unmarried, have a higher job position, have higher personal income and work for civil servants or institutions. In terms of influencing factors of credit line, education level, marriage, job type, job position and personal income have significant positive effects. In conclusion, the characteristics of work unit, job position and personal income have significant influence on default and credit line at the same time, which can provide reference for customer selection and market segmentation of consumer credit loan of Bank C in the future. Keywords: Commercial bank, Credit loans, Lending decision目录 III 目录 第一章 绪论................................................................................................................1 1.1 选题背景及意义.............................................................................................1 1.1.1 选题背景...............................................................................................1 1.1.2 研究意义...............................................................................................1 1.2 文献综述.........................................................................................................2 1.2.1 普惠金融的相关研究............................................................................3 1.2.2 个人信用风险评估的相关研究............................................................4 1.2.3 P2P 网络借贷的相关研究 .....................................................................5 1.3 研究内容与方法.............................................................................................6 1.3.1 研究内容...............................................................................................6 1.3.2 研究方法...............................................................................................7 1.4 主要创新点.....................................................................................................7 第二章 个人信用贷款的相关概念、背景与现状 ......................................................8 2.1 普惠金融的兴起与发展背景..........................................................................8 2.2 相关概念.........................................................................................................9 2.2.1 个人信用...............................................................................................9 2.2.2 信用贷款...............................................................................................9 2.3 个人消费贷款的影响因素............................................................................10 2.3.1 信用评估.............................................................................................10 2.3.2 消费信贷面临的风险分析..................................................................12 2.4 我国个人消费类贷款的现状概述 ................................................................12 2.5 本章小结.......................................................................................................15 第三章 C 银行消费类信用贷款的现状分析 ............................................................16 3.1 C 银行发展概况..........................................................................................16 3.1.1 C 银行简介 ..........................................................................................16 3.1.2 消费类信用贷款产品简介..................................................................16 3.2 C 银行消费类信用贷款（信用卡）业务....................................................18 3.2.1 审批情况.............................................................................................18 3.2.2 消费类信用贷款（信用卡）规模 ......................................................21 3.2.3 贷后管理.............................................................................................22目录 IV 3.3 C 银行消费类信用贷款存在的问题分析....................................................24 3.3.1 客户信用评价体系不健全..................................................................24 3.3.2 授信审批方式落后 .............................................................................25 3.3.3 员工专业素养不足 .............................................................................26 3.4 本章小结.......................................................................................................26 第四章 C 银行消费类信用贷款的客群特征分析.....................................................27 4.1 消费类信用贷款客群的相关特征 ................................................................27 4.2 C 银行消费类信用贷款客群的特征分布....................................................28 4.2.1 客群的基本特征统计.....................................................