I 摘要 从 1978 年开始，我国逐步从沿海向内地实施对外开放政策，在政策作用的支 持下，东部地区得到了优先发展，而西部地区相对落后，这也导致了我国东中西 部发展严重失衡问题，表现在利用外资方面则是呈“东高西低”格局。为缩小东西部 差异，实现我国经济的均衡发展，我国于 2000 年开始逐步实施西部大开发战略， 重点工作是加快完善西部地区基础设施建设。截止至今，西部大开发战略已初显 成效、进入深化阶段，而作为西部重镇的成都在短时间内极大的改善了投资环境、 提升了吸引外资企业的能力；同时，随着“一带一路”倡议的提出与落实，西部地区 将成为我国经济的重要建设点，这也将成为成都市进一步吸引和利用外资企业发 展经济的新机遇。然而，在实现快速增长的同时，成都市营商环境国际化和国际 商务发展难以满足外资企业需求等问题也日益突出，成为阻碍成都市进一步扩大 开放水平、营造开放高地的主要限制因素。本文旨在对成都市利用外资即国际商 务活动规模、产业结构、投资来源国际化、营商环境国际化等进行深入分析，从 而提出促进成都市国际商务发展和营商环境国际化更切实可行、更具针对性的对 策与建议，探索如何通过增强城市对外资企业国际商务活动的承载能力来实现开 放型经济向更深层次方向发展。 本文首先对国内外学者有关利用外资问题的研究成果进行了回顾与学习，并 介绍了有关利用外资的相关概念与理论，包括缺口理论、国际投资理论以及新形 势下国内学者对传统缺口理论的创新理论，为后续章节的深入分析提供了一定理 论依据；然后本文采用定量定性分析法，从利用外资规模、来源地、行业分布、 投资方式等方面对成都市利用外资现状进行了具体描述，之后运用索罗模型和 FDI 企业进出口贡献率等重点分析了外商直接投资对成都市产生的经济效应。并引入 全国、重庆市、北京市与成都市进行比较分析，从而得到成都市利用外资情况与 国内平均水平、周边城市、发达城市相比的更直观的相对表现，为后续进一步的 探讨与研究提供了一定实证依据；最后，本文在前述内容的基础之上，结合调查 研究法，对成都市 400 余家外资企业进行了有关在蓉利用外资的问题与建议的收 集，主要表现为政务服务水平不高、基础设施不完善、政策支持力度不够、技术 与人才储备匮乏、生态环境保护能力弱，从而导致成都市对外资企业吸引力弱、 外资企业质量不高且分布不均衡、利用外资效率低以及投资环境不佳的问题；并 且根据所述问题结合国际环境新形势提出具有针对性与实质性的建议与对策。在 一定程度上丰富我国利用外资的学术研究文献，也从一定程度上充实了国际投资摘要 II 理论在中国的应用发展。也为成都市未来出台扩大开放积极有效吸引外资企业的 相关政策提供一定的参考依据。 关键词：成都市，外商直接投资，实际利用外资ABSTRACT III ABSTRACT Since 1978, China has gradually implemented the opening-door policy from the coast to the inland. With the support of this policy, the eastern region of China has been given priority to develop, which leads to the unbalanced development of the eastern, central and western regions of China. Similar pattern can be seen in the utilization of FDI. In order to narrow the regional differences and realize a balanced economic pattern, China has begun to gradually implement the Development Strategy of Western Regions since 2000, with the focus on accelerating the improvement of infrastructure construction in Western China. Up to now, this strategy has shown some results and reached a new level. It has helped Chengdu, one of the most strategic cities in Western China, improve the investment environment and become more attractive to foreign-invested enterprises in a short time. Meanwhile, as the Belt and Road Initiative has been proposed and carried out, Western China will gradually become another growth pole of China’s economy, which will also bring new opportunities for Chengdu to attract and make use of FDI. Despite of the rapid growth, Chengdu find it hard to meet the needs of foreign enterprises with current business environment and international business situation, which has become its main barrier to further open up and become a leading role. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the scale of FDI, the industrial structures of foreign-invested entities, investment origins and business environment in Chengdu, put forward more feasible and targeted countermeasures and suggestions, and explore how to develop the open economy to a deeper level by strengthening its capacity to host international business activities of foreign enterprises. This paper firstly reviews and studies the research results on the use of FDI at home and abroad, and introduces the relevant concepts and theories of the use of FDI, including the gap theory, the international investment theory and some innovative theories proposed by Chinese scholars under new situations, which provides a theoretical basis for the further analysis in the following chapters. Then this paper uses quantitative method to describe the current situation of Chengdu's utilization of FDI in terms of scale, source, industrial structure and investment mode, analyzing the economic influence of FDI on Chengdu through tools such as Solow growth model and import and export contribution rate of FDI enterprises. The comparative analysis amongABSTRACT IV China, Chongqing, Beijing and Chengdu has also been introduced to obtain a more visualized picture of Chengdu's utilization of FDI compared with the Chinese average level, surrounding cities and developed cities in China, which provides an empirical basis for the follow-up research. Finally, on the basis of the above-mentioned content, combined with the investigation and research method, this paper collects the problems and suggestions about the utilization of FDI in Chengdu from more than 400 foreign-invested enterprises, which shows that there is a lot to be improved in level of government services, infrastructure, policy incentives, technology and talent reserve, and ecological environment protection. These problems lead to the weak attraction of FDI, low quality and uneven distribution of FDI, low efficiency of using FDI and poor investment environment in Chengdu. In addition, according to the problems mentioned above, the paper puts forward more targeted and substantive suggestions and countermeasures. This research will enrich the literature on FDI study and it, to some extent, will develop the theory of international investment. It will also have some practical implications to help Chengdu actively and efficiently attract and utilize foreign investment. Key words: Chengdu，FDI，Actual utilization of foreign capital目 录 V 目 录 第一章 绪论....................... 1 1.1 选题背景和意义 .. 1 1.1.1 选题背景 ... 1 1.1.2 选题意义 ... 2 1.2 国内外研究现状 .. 3 1.2.1 国外研究现状 .......................... 3 1.2.2 国内研究现状 .......................... 4 1.3 研究思路 .............. 6 1.4 研究方法、创新点和不足 ................. 7 1.4.1 研究方法 ... 7 1.4.2 论文创新点 .............................. 7 1.4.3 论文不足 ... 8 第二章 国际投资相关理论概述...................... 9 2.1 国际投资的概念和特点 ..................... 9 2.1.1 国际投资概念 .......................... 9 2.1.2 国际投资特点 ........................ 10 2.2 国际投资理论的发展和变迁 ........... 10 2.2.1 垄断优势理论 ........................ 10 2.2.2 内部化理论 .............................11 2.2.3 产品周期理论 .........................11 2.2.4 比较优势理论 ........................ 12 2.2.5 国际生产折中理论 ................ 12 2.3 缺口理论 ............ 12 2.3.1 “双缺口”模式.......................... 13 2.3.2 “三缺口”模式.......................... 14 2.3.3 “四缺口”模式.......................... 14 2.3.4 新形势下的中国利用外资理论创新 ................... 14 2.4 关于利用外资统计口径的说明 ....... 14 2.4.1 商务部利用外资统计口径 .... 14 2.4.2 四川省利用外资统计口径 .... 15目 录 VI 2.4.3 成都市利用外资统计口径 .... 15 2.4.4 地方口径与部口径并行 ........ 16 第三章 成都市利用外资的现状分析............ 17 3.1 成都市利用外资的总体概况 ........... 17 3.2 成都市外商直接投资的现状 ............ 19 3.2.1 成都市外商直接投资的行业分布 ....................... 19 3.2.2 成都市外商直接投资来源地分布 ....................... 21 3.2.3 成都市外商直接投资方式 .... 22 3.3 外商投资对成都市的经济效应分析 .............................. 22 3.3.1 外商投资对成都市国民经济的贡献 ................... 22 3.3.2 外商直接投资对成都市进出口的贡献 ............... 24 3.3.3 外商直接投资对成都市人才引进效应 .