房地产行业带动了模板产业的发展，房地产项目的建设离不开模板。从项目造价 来看，模板的费用占到了钢筋混凝土结构费用的 30%左右，而模板的施工工期又占到 了总工期的一半左右。从这里可以看出，模板在房地产项目建设中的重要性是不言而 喻的。由于目前大量的超高层建筑出现，对工期、安全、质量、成本等方面有着更高 的要求，给建筑行业带了新的挑战。如何通过选择合理的施工项目模板方案来提高企 业经济效益呢，这是一个值得我们研究的课题。因此，本文对施工项目模板方案评价 进行研究显得非常有意义。 本文用价值工程法、比较分析法以及案例分析法等来对施工项目模板方案选择进 行研究。首先分析了影响模板选择的因素以及建立模板方案评价指标体系。其次，根 据价值工程理论建立施工项目模板方案的模糊数学评价模型及评价指标体系。最后， 选用西安市某商住楼模板方案选择为案例，运用价值工程法，通过木模板、铝模板、 钢模板功能及成本的分析，得出铝模板经济效益最高。 文中通过比较不同类型模板，发现安全功能、技术功能、施工可行性这三大因素 对施工项目经济效益产生影响。因此，以这三大影响因素作为评价施工模板方案的依 据，建立模板方案评价指标体系，确定指标权重和方案评价模型。然后以西安市区某 商住楼的模板方案选择作为案例进行分析，邀请专家对铝模板、钢模板和木模板选型 方案进行打分评价，接着应用层次分析法和模糊数学法对模板方案功能指标数据进行 综合评价，结合价值工程法得到木模价值指数为 184.00，钢模板价值指数为 256.88， 铝模板价值指数为 310.66。依据价值工程理论，可知价值指数越大越好。这个结果表 明铝模板优于钢模板，而钢模板又优于木模板。最终确定方案是选用铝模板，因为铝 模板价值指数优于钢模板和木模板。使用铝模板时，周转 32 次以上的建议以采购形 式，周转 32 次以下的建议通过租赁形式，以此来节约施工成本，提高施工经济效益。 通过对铝模板、木模板、钢模板的经济效益比较，可以看出铝模板经济效益的优 势是明显的，铝模板技术符合我国建筑工程绿色施工推广理念，并有利于节约资源和 保护环境，促进建筑市场的和谐发展。 关键词：铝模板；经济效益评价；层次分析法；价值工程；模糊综合评价法II ABSTRACT The real estate industry has driven the development of template industry, and the construction of real estate projects cannot do without templates. From the perspective of project cost, the cost of formwork accounts for about 30% of the cost of reinforced concrete structure, and the construction period of formwork accounts for about half of the total construction period. From here we can see that the importance of template in the construction of real estate projects is self-evident. Due to the emergence of a large number of super high-rise buildings, the construction period, safety, quality, cost and other aspects have higher requirements, which brings new challenges to the construction industry. How to improve the economic benefits of the enterprise by choosing a reasonable construction project template scheme is a topic worthy of our study. Therefore, it is very meaningful to study the evaluation of construction project template scheme in this paper. In this paper, value engineering method, comparative analysis method and case analysis method are used to study the template scheme selection of construction project. Firstly, the factors influencing the template selection are analyzed and the evaluation index system of template scheme is established. Secondly, according to the theory of value engineering, the fuzzy mathematics evaluation model and evaluation index system of construction project template scheme are established. Finally, a commercial and residential building in Xi'an city is selected as a case study. The value engineering method is used to analyze the function and cost of wood formwork, aluminum formwork and steel formwork, and it is concluded that aluminum formwork has the highest economic benefit. Through the comparison of different types of formwork, it is found that the safety function, technical function and construction feasibility have an impact on the economic benefits of construction projects. Therefore, taking these three factors as the basis of evaluating the construction template scheme, the evaluation index system of formwork scheme is established, and the index weight and scheme evaluation model are determined. Then, taking the template scheme selection of a commercial and residential building in Xi'an city as an example, experts are invited to grade and evaluate the aluminum formwork, steel formwork and wood formwork selection scheme. Then, the AHP and fuzzy mathematics method are applied to comprehensively evaluate the function index data of the formwork scheme. Combined with the value engineering method, the wood formwork value index is 184.00, and the steel formwork value index is 256.88 The value index of aluminum template is 310.66. According to the theory of value engineering, the larger the value index, the better. The results show that aluminum formwork is better than steel formwork, and steel formwork is better than wood formwork. The final scheme is to selectIII aluminum formwork, because the value index of aluminum formwork is better than steel formwork and wood formwork. When using aluminum formwork, it is suggested that the turnover of more than 32 times should be in the form of purchase, and that of turnover less than 32 times should be in the form of leasing, so as to save construction cost and improve construction economic benefits. Through the comparison of the economic benefits of aluminum formwork, wood formwork and steel formwork, it can be seen that the economic benefits of aluminum formwork are obvious. The aluminum formwork technology conforms to the promotion concept of green construction of construction projects in China, and is conducive to saving resources and protecting the environment, and promoting the harmonious development of the construction market. Keywords:Aluminum template; economic benefit evaluation; analytic hierarchy process; value engineering; Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method KEY WORDS：Private colleges and universities Orientation research Positioning target School running characteristics Personnel trainingIV 目 录 摘要......... I ABSTRACT.............................II 第一章 绪论............................1 1.1 研究背景和意义..........1 1.1.1 研究背景...........1 1.1.2 研究意义...........2 1.2 国内外研究现状..........2 1.2.1 国外研究现状...2 1.2.2 国内研究现状...3 1.2.3 国内外研究现状述评......................4 1.3 本文研究内容、方法及技术路线.............4 1.3.1 研究内容...........4 1.3.2 研究方法...........5 1.3.3 研究技术路线...6 1.4 本文的创新点..............6 第二章 建筑施工中模板的重要性及其变化趋势..............................7 2.1 建筑施工中模板的重要性.........................7 2.1.1 木模板在早期的应用优势与不足..7 2.1.2 钢模板在重复使用中优势..............8 2.1.3 铝模板在高层建筑中的优势..........8 2.2 模板变化趋势..............9 2.2.1 模板设计体现出应用的简便化......9 2.2.2 施工工艺更加的专业化..................9 2.2.3 模板市场的发展更加的规范化......9 2.2.4 材料的选择具有多样化..................9 2.3 铝合金模板的特点....10 2.4 本章小结....................12 第三章 施工项目模板方案评价指标体系的构建............................13 3.1 同类型模板的比较....13 3.1.1 模板的费用构成............................13 3.1.2 每平米造价.....14V 3.1.3 总造价.............14 3.1.4 施工工期.........17 3.2 影响施工项目模板选择的主要因素.......18 3.2.1 安全功能因素.18 3.2.2 技术功能因素.18 3.2.3 施工可行性因素............................18 3.3 模板方案评价的指标体系构成...............19 3.4 本章小结....................20 第四章 施工项目模板方案评价模型.................21 4.1 价值工程的原理........21 4.1.1 基本概念.........21 4.1.2 价值分析法特点............................23 4.2 价值工程在模板方案评价中应用的可行性..........................23 4.2.1 为用户提供更加满意的建筑产品24 4.2.2 强化建筑施工单位的竞争意识....24 4.2.3 减少建筑项目施工成本................24 4.3 构建模板方案评价模型及分析...............24 4.3.1 施工项目模板方案评价流程........24 4.3.2 模板方案的模糊综合评价模型....25 4.3.3 各功能权重的确定........................27 4.3.4 功能指数和成本指数的计算........32 4.3.5 方案价值的评价............................33 4.4 本章小结....................33 第五章 某施工项目