I 摘要 近年来，国家为大力扶持中小企业的发展及成长，出台了一系列普惠金融相 关政策，解决了中小企业融资渠道少、融资成本高等问题，为这一群体提供了全 方位的金融服务支持。各家商业银行根据该政策，纷纷制定了针对中小企业的融 资产品。中国银行作为四大国有商业银行之一，为响应国家政策，推出了中银“信 贷工厂”业务及一系列相关金融产品，专门为中小企业提供各类融资服务。 中国银行南湖路支行地处乌鲁木齐市天山区、水磨沟区老城区，信贷主体有 其独特性，贸易方式也比较传统。本文作者首先从各类文献资料中概括出商业银 行信贷风险的四大特征、四大类型及评价标准，授信风险管理体系及常见风险缓 释工具；其次，通过相关信贷理论以及作者本人六年的信贷业务从业经验，对南 湖路支行现有中小企业信贷风险管理体系的风险点进行了分析梳理，举例解析成 功案例及不良案例，总结出影响该行授信风险的四大因素，包括银行内部管理因 素、中小企业自身因素、外部政治经济环境因素以及地理环境因素，找出中小企 业信贷不良率远远高出分行考核指标的原因，包括对经营者个人素质和行为的定 性评估不足，欠缺操作风险及信用风险控制以及授信行业过于集中等；最后，通 过管理学当中的信息不对称理论、企业生命周期理论、5C要素分析理论等，分 析问题成因，并从完善信贷风险管理组织架构，改进贷前调查、信用评级、担保 及贷后管理等风险管理流程，增加准入及退出机制、大数据技术及突发事件应急 预案等风险管理方法和手段三大方面提出相应优化措施。旨在希望该文能为南湖 路支行借鉴，优化其信贷风险的防范策略。 关键词：乌鲁木齐;商业银行;信贷风险;防范策略 Abstract II Abstract In recent years, in order to support the development and growth of small and medium-sized enterprises, the state has issued a series of Inclusive Finance related policies, which solved the problems of small and medium-sized enterprises' financing channels and high financing costs, and provided all-round financial service support for this group. According to the policy, commercial banks have developed financing products for small and medium-sized enterprises. As one of the four major state-owned commercial banks, in response to national policies, Bank of China has launched Bank of China's "credit factory" business and a series of related financial products to provide various financing services for small and medium-sized enterprises. Nanhu road sub branch of Bank of China is located in Tianshan District and Shuimogou District of Urumqi city. Its credit subject is unique and its trade mode is relatively traditional. In this paper, the author first summarizes the characteristics, types and evaluation criteria of credit risk of commercial banks from various kinds of literature，credit risk management system and common risk mitigation tools; Secondly, through the relevant credit theory and the author's six-year credit business experience, this paper analyzes the risk points of the existing credit risk management system for small and medium-sized enterprises in Nanhu road sub branch, and analyzes the successful cases and bad cases This paper summarizes the four factors that affect the bank's credit risk, including internal management factors of the bank, small and medium-sized enterprises' own factors, external political and economic environment factors and geographical environment factors, and finds out the reasons why the non-performing credit rate of small and medium-sized enterprises is far higher than the evaluation index of branches, including insufficient qualitative evaluation of operators' personal quality and behavior, lack of operational risk and credit risk control, and The credit industry is too centralized. Finally, through the information asymmetry theory, the enterprise life cycle theory and the 5C element analysis theory, we analyze the causes of the problem, and improve the risk management process of credit risk management organization, improve the pre credit investigation, credit rating, guarantee and post loan management, and increase the access and exit mechanism, big data technology and emergencies. Emergency plans and other risk Abstract III management methods and means of three aspects of the corresponding optimization measures. The purpose of this paper is to provide reference for nanhu road sub branch and optimize its credit risk prevention strategy. Keywords: Urumqi; Commercial bank; Credit risk; Prevention strategy 目录 IV 目 录 第1章 绪论..................................................... 1 1.1 研究背景与意义.................................................................................... 1 1.1.1 研究的背景.................................................................................. 1 1.1.2 研究的意义.................................................................................. 1 1.2 国内外研究文献综述............................................................................ 2 1.2.1 国外研究文献.............................................................................. 2 1.2.2 国内研究文献.............................................................................. 4 1.2.3 研究述评...................................................................................... 6 1.3 研究的内容与框架................................................................................. 6 1.3.1 研究的内容.................................................................................. 6 1.3.2 研究的框架.................................................................................. 8 1.4 研究的方法............................................................................................. 9 第2章 相关概念及理论概述...................................... 10 2.1 信贷工厂概念....................................................................................... 10 2.2 信贷风险相关理论............................................................................... 10 2.2.1商业银行信贷风险定义............................................................. 10 2.2.2商业银行信贷风险的特征......................................................... 10 2.2.3商业银行信贷风险的类型......................................................... 11 2.2.4商业银行信贷风险评价标准..................................................... 12 2.3 信贷风险控制理论............................................................................... 12 2.3.1 信贷风险管理体系.................................................................... 12 2.3.2 信贷风险缓释工具.................................................................... 12 2.4 其他理论............................................................................................... 13 2.4.1 信息不对称理论........................................................................ 13 2.4.2 关系型信贷理论........................................................................ 13 2.4.3 企业生命周期理论.................................................................... 13 2.4.4 5C要素分析理论 ....................................................................... 14 第3章 南湖路支行中小企业信贷风险防范现状...................... 15 3.1 南湖路支行基本情况........................................................................... 15 3.1.1 银行基本情况介绍.................................................................... 15 3.1.2 信贷资产情况............................................................................ 15 目录 V 3.1.3 中国银行新疆分行中小企业信贷风险管理架构及特色产品 17 3.2 南湖路支行中小企业信贷风险识别与防范管理............................... 19 3.2.1 业务准备阶段的风险识别与防范管理.................................... 19 3.2.2 业务发起阶段的风险识别与防范管理.................................... 19 3.2.3 信用审查、审批阶段的风险识别与防范管理........................ 22 3.2.4 合同审核阶段的风险识别与防范管理.................................... 23 3.2.5 放款审核阶段的风险识别与防范管理.................................... 23 3.2.6 贷后管理阶段的风险识别与防范管理.................................... 23 3.3 南湖路支行不良信贷风险防范管理措施........................................... 24 3.3.1 南湖路支行信贷风险评价标准................................................ 24 3.3.2 不良授信的信贷风险识别及防范............