I 摘要 随着监管部门各项扶持小微企业、推动小微企业金融服务政策的出台，小微企业金 融服务颇受关注，但小微企业与生俱来的特点也使银行业金融机构在小微企业信贷业务 管理方面面临着较大的考验，找到一种行之有效的风险管控模式和技术手段对银行业金 融机构特别是中小商业银行存在着较大的挑战。 本文以实地调查方法为主，结合理论知识在分析国内外小微企业信贷技术模式及风 险控制手段的技术上，对QS银行西安分行小微企业信贷业务风险控制进行研究。首先 从小微企业信贷、信贷风险控制等概念入手，结合国内外主要的小微企业先进技术模式 和风险控制研究现状，分析了有效的小微企业风险控制模式和风险控制措施对支持小微 企业金融服务的重要作用。其次，通过对QS银行西安分行小微企业信贷业务的调查和 研究，从贷前、贷中、贷后三阶段全面审视该行小微企业信贷业务风险控制现状，再分 别就这三阶段风险控制中存在的诸如信用评级不规范、客户信息采集质量不高、缺少合 理风险定价体系等问题和不足进行分析，探讨其产生原因，在此基础上分别对应这些问 题提出多项建议措施。最后，为确保改进方案的有效实施，又提出了一系列保障措施。 论文结尾进行回顾总结，提出论文指导实践的相关期望。 QS银行致力于小微企业金融服务，并发展了一套适用于小微企业信贷服务的标准 化技术和风险控制模式，在业界特别是当地很受推崇和学习。本文以QS银行西安分行 小微企业风险控制作为研究对象，对弥补和发现其在落地过程中显现出的不适应和不 足，提高其小微企业信贷业务风险控制水平，为总行提供外地分支机构使用小微企业标 准化信贷技术的改进意见有着实践意义，同时对于探索适合于城商行乃至农商行、信用 社、村镇银行发展的小微企业信贷风险控制模式，促进小微企业信贷业务的健康发展， 将有一定的借鉴作用。 关键词：小微企业，信贷业务，风险控制，改进措施 西北大学硕士学位论文 II ABSTRACT As regulators of various support small micro enterprises, promoting small micro enterprise financial service policy, small micro enterprise financial services have been under the spotlight, but small micro enterprise inherent characteristics also make the banking financial institutions in the small micro enterprise credit business management facing a bigger test, find an effective management mode and technical means of banking financial institutions, especially small and medium-sized commercial banks there is a bigger challenge. Based on the field investigation method and theoretical knowledge, this paper studies the risk control of small and micro enterprise credit business in xi 'an branch of QS bank on the basis of analyzing the technical mode of small and micro enterprise credit and risk control methods at home and abroad. Firstly, the concept of small and micro enterprise credit, credit risk control and other concepts, combined with the main domestic and foreign small and micro enterprise advanced technology mode and risk control research status, analyzes the effective small and micro enterprise risk control mode and risk control measures to support the important role of small and micro enterprise financial services. Secondly, through the QS bank xi 'an branch small micro enterprise credit investigation and research of the business, through three stages after before loans, loans, credit risk control measures to comprehensively review the small micro enterprise credit business risk control present situation, then respectively is existing in the three stages of risk control, such as credit rating is not standard, the customer information acquisition quality is not high, the lack of reasonable risk pricing system problems and shortcomings are analyzed, to explore the causes, on the basis of the corresponding to these problems put forward several Suggestions. Finally, in order to ensure the effective implementation of the improvement plan, a series of corresponding safeguard measures are proposed. At the end of the paper, the author makes a review and summary of the content and puts forward the expectation of guiding the practice of the paper. QS bank is committed to the financial services of small and micro enterprises, and has developed a set of standardized technology and risk control mode applicable to the credit services of small and micro enterprises, which is highly respected and studied in the industry, especially in the local area. Based on the QS bank xi 'an branch small micro enterprise risk control as the research object, to make up and found its emerge in the process of the ground ABSTRACT III not adapt and insufficient, improve the level of the small micro enterprise credit risk control, use small micro enterprise provide the headquarters of nonlocal branch standardized credit technical improvements have practical significance, at the same time to explore suitable for city businesses and even bank, credit cooperatives, village Banks in the development of small micro enterprise credit risk control mode, promote the healthy development of small business, there will be as a reference. Key words: small and micro enterprises, credit business, risk control, improvement measures 西北大学硕士学位论文 IV 目 录 摘要 ..... I ABSTRACT .......................... II 目 录 .. IV 第一章 绪论 ....................... 1 1.1 选题背景及研究意义 1 1.1.1选题背景 .............. 1 1.1.2研究意义 .............. 2 1.2 研究内容和方法 ........ 2 1.2.1研究内容 .............. 2 1.2.2研究方法 .............. 2 1.3 研究思路及技术路线 3 1.3.1研究思路 .............. 3 1.3.2技术路线 .............. 4 1.4 主要贡献 .................... 4 第二章 理论概述 ............... 6 2.1 小微企业信贷理论 .... 6 2.1.1小微企业的界定 .. 6 2.1.2小微企业信贷的内容及特征 ............. 7 2.2 小微企业信贷风险理论 ........................... 8 2.2.1小微企业信贷风险概念和内容 ......... 8 2.2.2小微企业信贷风险的特点 ................. 9 2.3 小微企业信贷风险控制理论 ................... 9 2.3.1小微企业信贷风险控制的内容及方法 ............................ 9 2.3.2小微企业信贷风险控制理论基础 ... 10 2.4 国内外主要的小微企业信贷技术模式 . 12 2.4.1国外小微企业信贷技术模式 ........... 12 2.4.2国内小微企业信贷技术模式 ........... 13 目 录 V 2.5 国内外小微企业信贷风险控制研究现状 ............................. 14 2.5.1国外研究现状 .... 14 2.5.2国内研究现状 .... 15 第三章 QS银行西安分行小微企业信贷风险控制现状 ............. 17 3.1 QS银行西安分行小微企业信贷业务现状 ........................... 17 3.1.1QS银行西安分行概况 ...................... 17 3.1.2小微企业信贷整体现状 ................... 17 3.2 QS银行西安分行小微企业信贷风险控制状况 ................... 21 3.2.1小微企业信贷风险组织架构 ........... 21 3.3.2小微企业信贷技术的发展和应用 ... 23 3.2.3小微企业信贷不良贷款现状 ........... 26 3.3 QS银行西安分行小微企业信贷风险控制措施 ................... 27 3.3.1贷前风险控制措施 ........................... 27 3.3.2贷中风险控制措施 ........................... 29 3.3.3贷后风险控制措施 ........................... 31 第四章 QS银行西安分行小微企业信贷风险控制中存在的问题及成因 ................ 33 4.1 贷前风险控制存在的问题 ...................... 33 4.1.1信用评级不规范 33 4.1.2客户信息采集质量不高 ................... 33 4.1.3调查报告有缺陷 34 4.2 贷中风险控制环节存在的问题 .............. 34 4.2.1缺少合理风险定价体系 ................... 34 4.2.2审查缺少统一标准 ........................... 34 4.2.3授信审批流程不顺畅 ....................... 35 4.2.4放款环节管理不规范 ....................... 35 4.3 贷后风险控制环节存在的问题 .............. 36 4.3.1贷后检查不到位 36 4.3.2监督检查及预警机制有漏洞 ........... 36 4.3.3清收及化解效率较低 ....................... 36 4.4 原因分析 ................... 37 西北大学硕士学位论文 VI 4.4.1小微企业因素 .... 37 4.4.2人员因素 ............ 38 4.4.3机制及文化因素 39 4.4.4外部金融环境 .... 40 第五章 QS银行西安分行小微企业信贷风险控制的改进方案. 41 5.1 小微企业信贷风险控制改进目标与原则 ............................ 41 5.1.1改进目标 ............ 41 5.1.2改进原则 ............ 41 5.2 小微企业信贷风险控制改进措施 ......... 41 5.2.1贷前改进措施 .... 41 5.2.2贷中环节改进措施 ........................... 45 5.2.3贷后环节改进措施 ........................... 46 第六章 QS银行西安分行小微企业信贷风险控制改进方案保障措施.................... 49 6.1 强化小微企业信贷风险文化建设 ......... 49 6.1.1树立合规意识，营造小微企业信贷风险文化 .............. 49 6.1.2强化风险