I 摘要 随着人口老龄化的形势越趋严重，养老问题成了全社会的重大课题，在不 断探索解决我国养老问题的过程中，昆明市政府对国家的政策做出了积极的响 应，引入了较多的民间资本进入到了养老行业，但与此同时，营利性养老机构 粗放式发展、入住率较低、经济效益低下等问题也凸显了出来，迫切需要昆明 市的营利性养老机构在运营管理方面进行改革和创新。 本文从昆明市营利性养老机构的运营管理现状出发，通过对昆明市营利性 养老机构的走访和调研，对昆明市营利性养老机构的数据进行统计分析比较， 深度剖析了昆明市不同层次的营利性养老机构其在经营过程中存在的问题，并 针对不同层次的养老机构，提出相关的运营管理优化方案，对昆明市营利性养 老机构的运营管理水平的提升有一定的实际意义。 关键词：昆明市；营利性养老机构；运营管理；优化方案 Abstract II Abstract Withtheincreasingoftheagedpopulation,theproblemofprovidingforthe agedhasbecomeamajorissueofthewholesociety.Intheprocessofexploringand solvingtheproblemofprovidingfortheagedinChina,Kunmingmunicipal governmenthasmadeapositiveresponsetothenationalpolicyandintroducedmuch profit-makingcapitalintothepensionindustry.However,atthesametime,the problemsoftheprofit-makinginstitutionsfortheaged,suchasextensivedevelopment, lowoccupancyrateandloweconomicbenefit,ishighlighted.Inordertodealwith theseproblems,itisurgenttopromotethereformandinnovationoftheold-age institutionsinKunming. Startingfromthecurrentsituationoftheoperationandmanagementofthe profit-makingpensioninstitutionsinKunming,thispapermakesastatisticalanalysis andcomparisonofthedataofprofit-makingpensioninstitutionsinKunming,and deeplyanalyzestheproblemsexistingintheoperationofdifferentlevelsofpension institutionsinKunming.Thispaperalsoputsforwardrelevantoperationmanagement optimizationschemesforpensioninstitutionsatdifferentlevels.Itissuggestedthat theresearchonthemanagementofprofit-makingpensioninstitutionsinKunminghas certainpracticalsignificance. Keywords:KunmingCity;Profit-makingpensioninstitutions;Managementproblem; CountermeasuresandSuggestions 目录 III 目录 第一章绪论....................................................................................................................................1 第一节选题背景.......................................................................................................................1 一、全国老龄化形势严峻.......................................................................................................1 二、云南省提出大健康发展规划...........................................................................................2 三、昆明将设大健康产业示范区...........................................................................................3 第二节研究对象和目的.........................................................................................................4 一、研究对象...........................................................................................................................4 二、写作思路和研究目的.......................................................................................................4 第三节研究意义和方法.........................................................................................................4 一、研究意义...........................................................................................................................4 二、研究方法...........................................................................................................................5 第四节国内外研究现状.........................................................................................................5 一、国外研究现状...................................................................................................................5 二、国内研究现状...................................................................................................................6 第二章理论基础及相关概念.............................................................................................7 第一节理论基础.......................................................................................................................7 一、需求层次理论...................................................................................................................7 二、市场细分与目标市场理论.............................................................................................8 三、差异化战略理论.............................................................................................................8 第二节养老机构.......................................................................................................................9 一、公办养老机构...................................................................................................................9 二、民办养老机构...................................................................................................................9 第三节相关概念.....................................................................................................................10 一、运营管理的概念.............................................................................................................10 二、养老管理的概念.............................................................................................................10 三、养老服务管理的概念.....................................................................................................10 四、养老服务市场化.............................................................................................................11 第三章昆明市营利性养老机构运营环境分析....................................................11 目录 IV 第一节宏观环境分析...........................................................................................................11 一、政治环境分析.................................................................................................................11 二、社会人文因素分析.........................................................................................................12 三、经济环境分析.................................................................................................................13 第二节市场结构分析...........................................................................................................14 第三节昆明市养老市场需求分析...................................................................................16 第四节竞争环境分析...........................................................................................................16 一、昆明市各类养老机构的数量分析.................................................................................16 二、昆明市各层次养老机构的空间位置分析.....................................................................18 第四章昆明市营利性养老机构运营管理现状及问题分析........................21 第一节各层次营利性养老机构运营现状.....................................................................21 第二节昆明市各层次营利性养老机构设施情况.......................................................22 第三节营利性高端养老机构运营管理存在的问题及原因分析..........................22 一、市场定位不清晰.............................................................................................................22 二、内部管理粗放.................................................................................................................24 三、养老设施欠缺管理.........................................................................................................25 四、员工流动性较大.............................................................................................................25 五、机构资金缺乏有效利用.................................................................................................26 第四节营利性中低端养老机构运营管理存在的问题及原因分析.....................27 一、市场定位不准确.............................................................................................................27 二、人员管理粗放.....................................................................................