金融是现代经济的核心，银行作为金融机构重要的组成部分与国内经济息息相关。 新常态下，银行收入和利润增长速度明显降低；随着利率市场化进程加速推进、金融严 监管的逐步常态化和互联网金融不断冲击下，银行业出现了诸多问题。与转型升级影响 不同，问题资产的增长给银行业带来大量的损失拨备，直接影响银行利润，进而影响银 行的安全性、流动性、效益性。因此处理问题资产的能力是将是未来一定时期内银行关 键的竞争优势之一。 本文以民生银行特殊资产部下属经营单位D团队作为研究的对象，该单位既具有金 融机构在处理问题资产时遇到的共性问题，也有该初创团队自己的特点。 本文首先结合问题资产的相关理论和处置原则，对民生银行特资部D团队问题资产 现状进行描述分析，发现四种主要处置方式存在的问题；其次是在四种主要的处置方式 分析研究的基础上，提出相应的改进策略：对行内重整贷款按照标本兼职的原则提出要 建立重整的标准、优化评审流程；对进入破产重整程序的企业应该在事前与事后采取不 同策略尽量减轻金融机构损失；对债转股处置方式优选目标企业、完善退出机制，做好 兜底方案、积极参与公司治理确保股东权益；对诉讼追偿的客户建议分层处理，简化诉 讼审批流程，引入风险代理机制等等。 关键词：问题资产；资产处置；破产重整；债转股；诉讼追偿 民生银行特资部D团队问题资产处置方式研究 -II- TheResearchondisposalModeofGroupDproblemassetsofMinsheng Bank Abstract Financeisthecoreofmoderneconomy.Asanimportantpartoffinancialinstitutions, banksarecloselyrelatedtodomesticeconomy.Underthenewnormal,thegrowthrateof bank'sincomeandprofitisobviouslyreduced.Withtheaccelerationofinterestrate marketization,thegradualnormalizationofstrictfinancialsupervisionandtheconstant impactofInternetfinance,manyproblemshaveappearedinthebankingindustry.Different fromtheimpactoftransformationandupgrading,thegrowthoftheproblemassetsbringsa lotoflossesandprovisionstothebankingindustry,whichdirectlyaffectsthebankprofits, andthenaffectsthesecurity,liquidityandefficiencyofthebanks.Therefore,theabilityto dealwithtroubledassetswillbeoneofthekeycompetitiveadvantagesofbanksinthefuture. ThispapertakesGroupDofMinshengBankSpecialassetsDepartmentastheresearch object.Thisunitnotonlyhasthecommonproblemsencounteredbyfinancialinstitutionsin dealingwiththeproblemassets,butalsohasitsowncharacteristicsofthestart-upteam. Inthispaper,basedontherelatedtheoryanddisposalprincipleoftheproblemassets,the paperdescribesandanalyzesthecurrentsituationofDteamproblemassetsinthespecial capitaldepartmentofMinshengBank,andfindsouttheproblemsexistinginthefourmain disposalmethods.Secondly,onthebasisoftheanalysisandstudyofthefourmaindisposal methods,thecorrespondingimprovementstrategiesareputforward:tosetupthestandardof reorganizationaccordingtotheprincipleofpart-timeworkinthebank,andtooptimizethe evaluationprocess;Enterprisesenteringthebankruptcyreorganizationprocessshouldadopt differentstrategiesbeforeandafterthebankruptcyreorganizationprocesstominimizethe lossesoffinancialinstitutions;toselectthetargetenterprisesinthewayofdebt-to-equity swap,toperfecttheexitmechanism,todoagoodjobofbottomplan,andtotakeanactive partinthecompany.Governanceensuresshareholders'rightsandinterests;thecustomer suggestionoflitigationrecoveryistreatedbylayers,theprocedureoflitigationexamination andapprovalissimplified,theriskagencymechanismisintroduced,andsoon. KeyWords：ProblemAssets;AssetDisposal;BankruptcyReorganization;Debt-to-equity Swap;LitigationRecovery 大连理工大学专业学位硕士学位论文 -III- 目录 摘要.............................................................................................................................I Abstract..............................................................................................................................II 1绪论...............................................................................................................................1 1.1研究背景............................................................................................................1 1.2国内外文献综述................................................................................................2 1.2.1国内文献综述.........................................................................................2 1.2.2国外文献综述.........................................................................................3 1.3本文研究内容及研究结构................................................................................4 2相关理论及处置原则...................................................................................................6 2.1金融脆弱性理论................................................................................................6 2.2信息不对称理论................................................................................................6 2.3“冰棍效应”理论............................................................................................7 2.4资源配置理论....................................................................................................7 2.5“苹果”原理....................................................................................................7 2.6问题资产处置原则............................................................................................8 3民生银行特资部D团队问题资产处置现状及问题分析..........................................9 3.1D团队概况........................................................................................................9 3.2D团队接收问题资产情况..............................................................................10 3.3D团队问题资产基本处置方式......................................................................11 3.3.1内部重整处置基本情况.......................................................................11 3.3.2破产重整处置基本情况.......................................................................13 3.3.3债转股处置基本情况...........................................................................14 3.3.4诉讼清偿处置基本情况.......................................................................15 3.4D团队资产处置方式现存问题分析..............................................................17 3.4.1内部重整处置方式存在的问题...........................................................17 3.4.2破产重整处置方式存在的问题...........................................................19 3.4.3债转股处置方式存在的问题...............................................................22 3.4.4诉讼追偿处置方式存在的问题...........................................................24 4民生银行特资部D团队问题资产处置方式改进策略............................................26 4.1内部重整方式改进策略..................................................................................26 4.1.1确定重整贷款标准...............................................................................26 民生银行特资部D团队问题资产处置方式研究 -IV- 4.1.2评估重整效果改进评审流程...............................................................28 4.2破产重整方式改进策略..................................................................................29 4.2.1增强问题客户破产重整的防范意识...................................................29 4.2.2注重实质性内部重整提高清偿率.......................................................30 4.2.3提前压缩或者资产转让降低破产重整客户损失率...........................31 4.2.4通过其他主体对债权进行追偿...........................................................31 4.3债转股方式改进策略......................................................................................31 4.3.1寻找优质目标企业进行债转股...........................................................31 4.3.2完善退出机制做好兜底方案...............................................................33 4.3.3建议债转股股东积极参与公司治理确保股东权益...........................33 4.3.4签订限制性契约条款避免信息不对称...............................................34 4.4诉讼追偿方式改进策略....................................................................................35 4.4.1建议分层处理诉讼事项提高诉讼效率...............................................35 4.4.2优化行内诉讼流程...............................................................