I 摘要 商业银行是我国重要的金融机构，在我国经济发展过程中承担着不可或缺 的重要角色。对于商业银行来说，信贷资产投放带来的利息收入是其最主要的 收入来源，同时信贷资产到期收回的不确定性也是其最主要的风险，故信贷资 产结构是决定其经营成败的关键因素。但是，随着近年来利率市场化的加速推 进，造成存贷利息差进一步收窄，加上金融脱媒现象发展迅速，商业银行信贷 市场的竞争性、波动性加剧，这些都无疑增大了商业银行信贷结构调整的难度， 对商业银行能否持续健康发展提出了严峻考验，故探讨如何调整优化信贷资产 结构是商业银行亟待解决的重要议题。 本文以中国银行JN分行为具体研究对象，分析该行信贷结构调整优化策 略。首先，从商业银行信贷结构调整的影响因素、经济效应以及措施对国内外 相关文献进行了梳理，并总结了信贷资产的信息不对称理论、资产组合理论、 信贷资源配给理论以及信贷风险管理理论；其次，使用2014-2018年JN分行 信贷投放的具体数据，从授信板块结构、贷款客户结构、贷款行业结构、贷款 期限以及贷款五级分类结构等五个方面对该行信贷结构现状进行了分析，并在 对现状分析的基础上总结该行信贷结构出现的问题及原因所在；最后，针对 JN分行信贷结构现状、存在问题及其原因，有针对性地提出五个方面的优化 路径和保障措施。本文以中国银行JN分行为具体研究对象，利用该行真实信 贷数据，较为全面地探讨和分析了该行信贷结构现状及存在的问题，不仅为 JN分行如何优化信贷结构、保持长期稳定性发展提供了指导性建议，同时也 对其他商业银行信贷结构调整优化具有一定的借鉴意义。 关键词：商业银行；信贷结构；优化策略 山东理工大学硕士学位论文ABSTRACT II ABSTRACT CommercialbanksareimportantfinancialinstitutionsinChina,andtheyplay anindispensableandimportantroleinChina’seconomicdevelopment.For commercialbanks,theinterestincomefromcreditassetsisthemainsourceof income,andtheuncertaintyofcreditassetsisalsothemainrisk,sothestructure ofcreditassetsisthekeyfactorthatdeterminesthesuccessorfailureofits operations.However,withtheacceleratedadvancementoftheinterestratemarket inrecentyears,theinterestrategapbetweendepositsandloanshasfurther narrowed,coupledwiththerapiddevelopmentoffinancialdisintermediation,the competitivenessandvolatilityofcommercialbankcreditmarketshaveintensified. Thesehaveundoubtedlyincreasedcommercialbanks.Thedifficultyofadjusting thecreditstructurehasputaseveretestonwhethercommercialbankscan continuetodevelopwell.Therefore,itisanimportantissuethatcommercialbanks needtosolvetodiscusshowtoadjustandoptimizethestructureofcreditassets. ThisarticleanalyzestheBank’sJNbranchbehaviorasaspecificresearch objecttoanalyzethebank’screditstructureadjustmentandoptimizationstrategy. First,thedomesticandforeignrelevantliteratureiscombedfromtheinfluencing factors,economiceffectsandmeasuresofcommercialbankcreditstructure adjustment,andsummarizestheinformationasymmetrytheoryofcreditassets, assetportfoliotheory,creditresourceallocationtheoryandcreditrisk managementtheory;Secondly,usingthespecificdataofJNbranchcredit placementin2014-2018,thebank’screditstructurestatuswasanalyzedfromfive aspects:creditsector,loanquality,creditclientstructure,creditindustrystructure andloanterm,andthestatusquoBasedontheanalysis,itsummarizesthe problemsandcausesofthebank’screditstructure;finally,accordingtothe currentstatus,problemsandcausesofthecreditstructureoftheJNbranch,itis targetedtoproposetorevitalizethestockcreditresources,increasetheproportion ofmediumandlong-termloansreasonablyOptimizemeasuressuchascontrolling thequalityofcreditassets,activelypromotingthedigitaltransformationof technologyandacceleratingtheintroductionoftalents.Thisarticleusesthe specificresearchobjectofBankofChina’sJNbranchbehaviorandusesthe bank’srealcreditdatatocomprehensivelydiscussandanalyzethebank’scredit structurestatusandexistingproblems,notonlyforJNbranchhowtooptimizethe 山东理工大学硕士学位论文ABSTRACT III creditstructureandmaintainlong-termstabledevelopment.Ithasprovided guidancesuggestions,andalsohascertainreferencesignificanceforthe adjustmentandoptimizationofcreditstructureofothercommercialbanks. KeyWords:Commercialbank;Creditstructure;Optimizationstrategy 山东理工大学硕士学位论文目录 IV 目录 摘要......................................................................................................................................I ABSTRACT..............................................................................................................................II 目录......................................................................................................................................IV 第一章绪论...........................................................................................................................1 1.1选题背景与研究意义...............................................................................................1 1.1.1选题背景........................................................................................................1 1.1.2研究意义........................................................................................................2 1.2研究内容和论文框架...............................................................................................2 1.3研究方法和技术路线...............................................................................................3 1.3.1研究方法........................................................................................................3 1.3.2技术路线........................................................................................................4 1.4本文创新之处..........................................................................................................5 第二章文献综述和理论基础................................................................................................6 2.1国内外文献综述.......................................................................................................6 2.1.1国外文献综述................................................................................................6 2.1.2国内文献综述................................................................................................8 2.1.3文献述评........................................................................................................9 2.2理论基础................................................................................................................10 2.2.1银行信贷信息不对称理论...........................................................................10 2.2.2银行信贷资产组合理论..............................................................................11 2.2.3银行信贷资源配给理论..............................................................................12 2.2.4银行信贷风险管理理论..............................................................................12 第三章中国银行JN分行信贷结构现状............................................................................14 3.1中国银行JN分行简介...........................................................................................14 3.1.1中国银行简介..............................................................................................14 3.1.2中国银行JN分行信贷经营基本情况.........................................................15 3.2中国银行JN分行信贷结构现状............................................................................16 3.2.1公司板块和个金板块贷款现状...................................................................16 3.2.2贷款客户规模和信用评级现状...................................................................17 3.2.3贷款投放行业分布现状..............................................................................18 3.2.4短期贷款和中长期贷款构成现状...............................................................21 3.2.5贷款五级分类构成现状..............................................................................21 3.3中国银行JN分行信贷结构存在的问题................................................................22 3.3.1公司业务占比过高......................................................................................23 3.3.2授信客户和行业过于集中...........................................................................23 3.3.3短期贷款比重过高................