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I 摘要 建筑业是典型的劳动密集型、管理密集型产业,行业准入门槛相对不高。近 年来,在国内建筑企业数量逐年增加的同时,国有建筑企业数量却呈现相反的发 展趋势,这是由国有企业固有的公司治理机构、单一的产权结构所决定的。文章 的研究对象-J 公司,是以传统建筑业为主要业务范围的国有企业。从近年来企业 的业务领域来看,政府工程无论是项目数量还是产值,已经占据了 J 公司全部业务 总量的“半壁江山”,政府工程将在中长期内成为 J 公司的主导业务领域。在当前国 家与省市大力发展 PPP 项目的宏观背景下,J 公司是否具备由传统建筑业务向其他 业务战略转型的可行性、应该如何转型,是摆在 J 公司面前的现实问题。文章即是 基于这种背景,开展了 J 公司业务战略的转型研究。 文章首先介绍了研究背景。相关概念界定部分的内容包括业务战略转型的内 涵与实施、PPP 模式运作与建筑企业参与 PPP 项目的决策流程。通过文章主体部 分的研究可知,目前 J 公司在传统建筑业务领域的发展遭遇了瓶颈,急需寻求新的 业务战略方向。文章通过开展外部环境分析、竞争环境分析与内部环境分析与对 SWOT 战略的进一步分析,得到了 J 公司业务战略转型的基本内容,即立足省内, 并逐渐拓展川外市场;将 J 公司业务战略的发展重点由传统建筑业务向政府合作领 域的投融建一体化项目(广义 PPP)转移;降低传统建筑业务的比重;继续开拓新 的市场方向。最后,为保障新业务战略的实施,第五章从组织机构、人力资源、 制度建设与风险管理方面开展了保障措施研究。 文章的创新之处在于:(1)以 J 传统建筑企业为研究对象,聚焦 PPP 业务, 通过开展传统建筑业务开展 PPP 模式的需求分析,梳理 PPP 型建筑项目的共性, 为 J 公司探索一套成熟的建筑业务战略模式;(2)基于业务发展的新形势,开展 J 传统建筑企业的业务战略转型与实施研究,具备极高的针对性与现实指导价值。 关键词:业务战略、业务战略转型、建筑业务、PPPABSTRACT II ABSTRACT Construction industry is a typical labor&management-intensive industry with low entry threshold. In recent years, while the number of domestic construction enterprises is increasing, the number of state-owned construction enterprises is showing the opposite trend, which is determined by the inherent corporate governance institutions of state-owned enterprises and a single property right structure. The research object of this article - J Company is a state-owned enterprise with traditional construction industry as its main business scope. In recent years, government projects, whether the number of projects or output value, have occupied half of the total business volume, and government projects will become the dominant business area in long term. Under the macro background of vigorous development of PPP projects by the state and provinces and municipalities, whether J company has the feasibility of strategic transformation from traditional construction business to other business, and how to transform, are the realistic problems facing J company. Based on this background, this paper studies the transformation of J company's business strategy. This paper firstly introduces the research background. The theoretical basis includes the connotation and implementation of business strategy transformation, PPP mode and operation process, and the decision-making process of construction enterprises participating in PPP projects. Through the main part, we can see that the development of J company in the field of traditional construction business has encountered bottlenecks, and it is urgent to seek new business strategic direction. Through the analysis of external environment, competitive environment and internal environment, this paper obtains the advantages, disadvantages, opportunities and threats of J Company. Through further analysis of SWOT strategy, the basic content of J company's business strategy transformation is obtained, that is, to base itself on the province and gradually expand the market outside Sichuan; to shift the focus of J company's business strategy development from traditional construction business to investment, finance and construction integration project (generalized PPP) in the field of government cooperation; and to reduce the traditional construction business. Proportion; Continue to explore new market directions. In order to ensure the smooth implementation of the business strategy, this paper studies the safeguard measures fromABSTRACT III four aspects: organizational structure, human resources, system construction and risk management. The innovation of this article lies in: (1) taking J traditional construction enterprise as object, through carrying out the demand analysis of PPP mode in traditional construction business, combing the commonness of PPP-type construction project, exploring a mature strategic mode of construction business for J company; (2) developing the business strategy of J traditional construction enterprise from the perspective of PPP. The research on transformation and implementation has extremely high pertinence and practical guiding value. Key words: business strategy, business strategy transformation, construction business, PPP目录 IV 目录 第一章 绪论....................... 1 1.1 选题背景.............. 1 1.2 研究意义.............. 2 1.3 企业业务战略转型的国内外研究现状............................ 3 1.3.1 国外研究现状.......................... 3 1.3.2 国内研究现状.......................... 4 1.3.3 文献评述... 5 1.4 研究方法与研究路线......................... 5 1.4.1 研究方法... 5 1.4.2 研究路线... 6 第二章 相关概念界定....... 7 2.1 概念界定.............. 7 2.1.1 传统建筑企业.......................... 7 2.1.2 业务战略转型.......................... 7 2.1.3 PPP 模式 .... 7 2.2 业务战略转型的特征与实施............. 7 2.2.1 特征........... 7 2.2.2 动因分析... 8 2.2.3 业务战略转型的实施管理...... 9 2.3 PPP 模式的分类与运作流程简介 .....11 2.3.1 分类形式..11 2.3.2 运作流程. 13 2.4 建筑企业参与 PPP 项目的决策流程 ............................. 14 2.4.1 投资战略规划决策................ 14 2.4.2 投资决策. 14 第三章 J 公司基本情况及业务战略问题分析............................. 16 3.1 J 公司简介........... 16 3.2 组织机构设置.... 16 3.3 现有业务战略介绍与问题分析....... 17 3.3.1 业务领域分析........................ 17目 录 V 3.3.2 地区分布分析........................ 18 3.4. 业务战略转型必要性分析.............. 19 3.4.1 传统建筑业务竞争激烈,国有建筑企业经营现状整体欠佳.......... 19 3.4.2 公司营业收入与利润逐年下降........................... 20 3.4.3 J 公司传统建筑业务市场持续低迷...................... 21 第四章 J 公司内外部环境分析及业务战略转型......................... 22 4.1 外部环境分析.... 22 4.1.1 政治环境. 22 4.1.2 经济环境. 22 4.1.3 社会环境. 24 4.1.4 技术环境. 24 4.2 竞争环境分析.... 25 4.2.1 竞争者的竞争能力................ 26 4.2.2 潜在进入者的进入能力........ 27 4.2.3 替代品的替代能力................ 27 4.2.4 供应商的讨价还价能力........ 28 4.2.5 购买者的讨价还价能力........ 28 4.2.6 宏观环境与竞争环境分析小结........................... 28 4.3 内部环境分析.... 28 4.3.1 专业人才队伍........................ 29 4.3.2 财务实力. 30 4.3.3 自主知识产权........................ 31 4.3.4 合作渠道. 31 4.3.5 基础设施. 32 4.3.6 小结......... 33 4.4 J 公司 SWOT 分析............................ 33 4.4.1 优势......... 33 4.4.2 劣势......... 34 4.4.3 机会......... 35 4.4.4 威胁......... 36 4.5 J 公司传统建筑业务战略转型实施.. 37 4.5.1 业务战略类型选择分析........ 38 4.5.2 业务战略的具体内容............ 38目录 VI 4.6 小结.................... 39 第五章 J 公司业务战略转型的保障措施研究............................. 40 5.1 组织机构............ 40 5.1.1 成立专门事业部.................... 40 5.1.2 成立相关领导机构、标准化招标流程............... 40 5.2 人力资源............ 41 5.2.1 薪酬激励机制........................ 41 5.2.2 人才招聘机制........................ 41 5.3 制度保障............ 42 5.3.1 结算与成本管控.................... 42 5.3.2 招投标..... 42 5.3.3 项目管理. 43 5.3.4 常见事故处理........................ 43 5.4 风险管理............ 43 第六章 研究总结与不足. 45 6.1 研究总结............ 45 6.2 研究不足............ 45 致谢.... 46