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作为我国国民经济的支柱产业以及其他门类行业良好运转的支柱与能量来源,电力行业的 发展与国民经济健康运转紧密相关。在我国电力供应领域,火力发电作为电力主体供应来源, 在我国电力供应领域占据着主导地位。由于“上大压斜等政策的实施,火电建设领域面临新 的发展机遇与挑战。如何有效识别电厂施工项目风险,并采取针对性的风险应对措施,对于火 电发展而言至关重要。 本文共分为六个部分,首先,讲述了火电厂建设对我国经济发展的重要性,以及火电厂建 设项目风险评估的意义;第二,从“上大压斜政策制定出发,详细阐述了漳泽1000MW电厂施 工项目施工背景及沿线概况,并分析了项目施工的重点与难点;第三,结合电厂施工项目所具 有的特点,采取WBS-RBS项目风险分析方法构建了项目风险清单;第四,采取因子分析法提取 公共因子,得出影响电厂施工项目风险因子;第五,采用层次分析法,对各风险因子进行风险 等级评价并提出相应的风险应对措施;最后对研究内容进行了总结和展望。本文认为,电厂建 设项目具有建设成本高、建设风险高的特点,在项目施工过程中采取风险分析方法提前制定风 险预案,能够有效的保证项目的顺利进行并避免由于项目风险所带来的一系列损失。最后,希 望本文能够为类似项目的开展提供借鉴依据。 本文从“上大压斜政策实施现状出发,以漳泽1000MW电厂施工项目作为研究对象,从多 角度对电厂施工过程中遇到的风险进行了分析与识别,并制定了相应的应对措施,为后续项目 的开展提供了借鉴。 关键词:电厂施工工程,风险识别,风险评价 漳泽1000MW工程施工风险分析与控制对策研究 II ABSTRACT As the pillar industry of national economy and the pillar and energy source of other industries, the development of electric power industry is closely related to the healthy operation of national economy. In the field of power supply in China, thermal power generation, as the main source of power supply, plays a leading role in the field of power supply. Due to the implementation of the policy of "putting more pressure on less", the field of thermal power construction faces new opportunities and challenges. How to effectively identify the risk of power plant construction projects and take targeted risk response measures is very important for the development of thermal power. This paper is divided into six parts. Firstly, the importance of thermal power plant construction to China's economic development and the significance of risk assessment of thermal power plant construction projects are described. Secondly, starting from the policy formulation of "putting more pressure on less", the construction background and general situation along the line of Zhangze 1000MW power plant construction project are described in detail, and the key points and difficulties of project construction are analyzed. Thirdly, combined with power plant construction According to the characteristics of the project, WBS-RBS project risk analysis method is adopted to build the project risk list; fourthly, factor analysis method is adopted to extract the public factors and obtain the risk factors affecting the power plant construction project; fifthly, AHP method is adopted to evaluate the risk level of each risk factor and put forward corresponding risk response measures; finally, the research content is summarized and prospected. This paper believes that the power plant construction project has the characteristics of high construction cost and high construction risk. In the process of project construction, risk analysis method is adopted to formulate risk plan in advance, which can effectively ensure the smooth progress of the project and avoid a series of losses caused by project risk. Finally, I hope this paper can provide reference for similar projects. Based on the current situation of the implementation of the policy of "putting more pressure on less power" and taking the construction project of Zhangze 1000MW power plant as the research object, this paper analyzes and identifies the risks encountered in the construction process of the power plant from various angles, and formulates corresponding countermeasures, which provides reference for the development of subsequent projects. Keywords: power plant construction engineering, risk identification, risk assessment 南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文 III 目 录 第一章 绪论 ......... 1 1.1选题背景及意义 ........................... 1 1.2国内外研究现状 ........................... 2 1.2.1国外研究现状 ..................... 2 1.2.2国内研究现状 ..................... 3 1.3本文研究方法 4 1.4研究内容和结构安排 ................... 5 1.4.1研究目的............................. 5 1.4.2研究内容............................. 5 1.4.3技术路线............................. 6 1.5本章小结 ........ 6 第二章 相关概念界定与理论基础 .... 7 2.1“上大压小政策”概述 ................ 7 2.2项目风险管理概述 ....................... 7 2.2.1风险及构成要素 ................. 7 2.2.2项目风险及分类 ................. 8 2.2.3项目风险管理内容及流程 . 9 2.3项目风险分析方法 ..................... 11 2.4因子分析 ...... 12 2.5项目风险评估方法 ..................... 13 2.6本章小结 ...... 14 第三章 漳泽1000MW工程项目风险分析识别 ............ 15 3.1项目施工概况 .............................. 15 3.2项目施工特点及难点分析 ......... 15 3.2.1工程特点........................... 15 3.2.2工程难点........................... 15 3.3电厂工程项目风险因素识别 ..... 17 3.3.1电厂工程项目工作分解 ... 17 3.3.2电厂工程项目风险分解结构(RBS) .......... 20 3.3.3基于WBS-RBS的电厂工程项目风险识别 .. 20 3.4电厂工程项目风险因素调查分析 ............................ 23 漳泽1000MW工程施工风险分析与控制对策研究 IV 3.4.1调查问卷设计及收集 ....... 23 3.4.2调查问卷信度与效度检验 .............................. 23 3.4.3风险因子分析步骤 ........... 28 3.5电厂工程项目风险因素因子分析 ............................ 28 3.5.1施工管理因素因子分析 ... 28 3.5.2人员安全意识因素因子分析 .......................... 30 3.5.3人员技术熟练度因子分析 .............................. 31 3.5.4设计参数不当因子分析 ... 33 3.5.5施工技术不足因子分析 ... 34 3.5.6施工设备故障因子分析 ... 35 3.5.7施工材料不当因子分析 ... 36 3.5.8施工环境恶劣因子分析 ... 37 3.6本章小结 ...... 38 第四章 电厂工程项目风险因素评价 ............................. 40 4.1风险评价指标体系的构建原则 . 40 4.2电厂工程项目风险评价指标体系的构建 ................ 40 4.3基于层次分析法的电厂工程项目风险评价 ............ 42 4.3.1层次分析法一般实施步骤 .............................. 42 4.3.2构建风险传递结构 ........... 43 4.3.3构建判断矩阵并检验一致性 .......................... 45 4.3.4风险因素评价 ................... 48 4.4电厂施工项目风险评估排序 ..... 49 4.5本章小结 ...... 50 第五章 电厂工程项目风险应对措施分析 ..................... 51 5.1风险应对含义 ............................. 51 5.2风险应对方法 ............................. 51 5.3风险应对措施 ............................. 52 5.3.1设计参数不当风险应对策略 .......................... 52 5.3.2施工技术不足风险应对策略 .......................... 52 5.3.3施工设备故障风险应对策略 .......................... 53 5.3.4施工材料不当风险应对策略 .......................... 53 5.3.5施工管理混乱风险应对策略 .......................... 54 5.3.6人员安全意识风险应对策略 .......................... 55 南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文 V 5.3.7人员技术熟练度风险应对策略 ...................... 55 5.3.8施工环境恶劣风险应对策略 .......................... 56 5.3.9施工环境观测不足风险应对策略 .................. 56 5.3.10法律法规风险应对策略 . 56 5.4电厂施工项目风险登记册输出 . 56 5.5电厂施工项目风险监控输出 ..... 59 5.6本章小结 ...... 59 第六章 总结与展望 .......................... 60 6.1总结 .............. 60 6.2展望 .............. 60