IPC 小微贷款技术是德国国际项目咨询公司（简称 IPC 公司）为解决中 小企业融资问题提供的一种小微企业融资方案，通过简单、有效、快捷的方 式为发展中国家小微企业提供贷款服务。2005 年我国开始引入以交叉检验 为核心的德国 IPC 小微贷款技术，QJ 银行作为首批试点机构于 2007 年底开 展基于 IPC 技术的小微贷款业务，以门槛低、手续简单、放款快的优势迅速 赢得了云南市场大部分份额。通过十多年的不断探索和应用，IPC 小微贷款 模式带来巨大影响力的同时但也暴露出了不少的问题：随着通货膨胀、用人 成本不断攀升导致的盈利能力下滑，同业竞争严重，不断有其他的产品推陈 出新，使 QJ 银行的 IPC 小微贷款产品不再具有核心竞争力，监管体系的不 完善使得风险系数增加。因此，急需对 QJ 银行现有的 IPC 小微贷款业务进 行优化创新，使其更符合市场需求。 本文以 QJ 银行的 IPC 小微贷款产品为研究对象，通过梳理国内外学者 的研究文献，归纳总结供应链金融的主流模式，详细介绍 IPC 小微贷款模 式，同时通过对 QJ 银行的现状分析以及现有的 IPC 小微贷款业务内容流程 进行详细阐述及剖析，提出产品目前存在的问题及成因，并根据问题将供应 链金融模式与 IPC 小微贷款模式相结合进行优化创新，引入核心企业为主 导的供应链金融新模式，解决了现有微贷模式净利润降低、微贷规模遭遇瓶 颈、不良率攀升、客户忠诚度低的问题。为了验证优化后的产品具有可行性， 以 QJ 银行 YS 支行为试点，通过与核心企业物流公司合作进行实证案例分 析，证明其具有实际运用的价值。最后，得出基于供应链金融的 IPC 微贷业 务是具有一定的可行性且能够解决 QJ 银行目前现存问题的一种有效手段的 结论。 关键词：商业银行，供应链金融，IPC 微贷业务昆明理工大学专业学位硕士学位论文 基于供应链金融的 QJ 银行微贷业务优化研究 II Abstract IPC small and Micro Loan technology is a financing scheme for small and micro enterprises provided by Germany International project Consulting Company (IPC for short) to solve the financing problems of small and micro enterprises. It provides loan services for small and micro enterprises in developing countries in a simple, effective and fast way. In 2005, China began to introduce the German IPC small and micro loan technology with cross-test as the core. As the first pilot institution, QJ Bank launched the small and micro loan business based on IPC technology at the end of 2007, and quickly won most of the market share in Yunnan with its advantages of low threshold, simple procedures and fast loan. Through ten years of continuous exploration and application of the IPC small micro loans bring great influence at the same time, but also exposed a lot of problems: as inflation and labor costs rising lead to the decline in profitability, competition is severe, there are other products constantly innovation, make the QJ the bank of the IPC small micro loan product is no longer the core competitiveness, imperfect regulatory system makes the risk coefficient increases. Therefore, it is urgent to optimize and innovate the existing IPC small and micro loan business of QJ Bank to make it more in line with the market demand. Based on IPC small micro loan products QJ Banks as the research object, through carding and research literature at home and abroad, summarizes the mainstream mode of supply chain finance, detailing the IPC small micro loan pattern, at the same time, through analyzing the status quo of QJ the bank as well as the existing IPC small loan business content and studies in detail and process products put forward the existing problems and causes, and according to the financial problems will supply chain model with IPC small micro loan to optimize the combination of innovation, the introduction of core enterprise as the leading new mode of supply chain finance, It has solved the problems of the existing micro loan model, such as the decrease of net profit, the bottleneck of昆明理工大学专业学位硕士学位论文 基于供应链金融的 QJ 银行微贷业务优化研究 III micro loan scale, the increase of defective rate and the low customer loyalty. In order to verify the feasibility of the optimized product, take YS Sub-branch of QJ Bank as the pilot, conduct empirical case analysis through cooperation with the core enterprise logistics company, and prove its practical application value. Finally, the conclusion is drawn that IPC micro-loan business based on supply chain finance is feasible and an effective means to solve the existing problems of QJ bank. Key words: commercial bank, supply chain finance, IPC loan model昆明理工大学专业学位硕士学位论文 基于供应链金融的 QJ 银行微贷业务优化研究 i 目录 摘要 ...................................................... I Abstract .................................................. II 第一章 绪论 ................................................ 1 1.1 研究背景和意义 .............................................1 1.1.1 研究背景 .......................................... 1 1.1.2 研究意义 .......................................... 2 1.2 研究内容 ...................................................3 1.3 相关文献综述 ...............................................4 1.3.1 小微企业融资问题相关文献综述 ...................... 4 1.3.2 IPC 微贷技术相关文献综述 .......................... 5 1.3.3 供应链金融相关文献综述 ............................ 5 1.3.4 供应链金融解决小微企业融资问题的相关文献综述 ...... 6 1.3.5 文献综述评价 ...................................... 7 1.4 研究思路与方法 .............................................7 1.4.1 研究思路 .......................................... 7 1.4.2 研究方法 .......................................... 8 1.5 创新之处 ...................................................9 第二章 相关概念及理论基础 ................................. 10 2.1 相关概念概述 ..............................................10 2.1.1 供应链金融模式 ................................... 10 2.1.2 IPC 微贷模式 ..................................... 14 2.2 供应链金融相关理论 ........................................19 2.2.1 信息不对称理论 ................................... 19 2.2.2 交易成本理论 ..................................... 19 2.2.3 共生机制理论 ..................................... 20 第三章 QJ 银行微贷业务状况分析............................. 21 3.1 QJ 银行及小微贷款业务发展现状..............................21昆明理工大学专业学位硕士学位论文 基于供应链金融的 QJ 银行微贷业务优化研究 ii 3.1.1 QJ 银行发展简述.................................... 21 3.1.2 QJ 银行小微贷款业务发展简述 ........................ 22 3.2 QJ 银行小微贷款业务及流程介绍..............................23 3.2.1 产品介绍........................................... 23 3.2.2 操作流程........................................... 24 3.3 QJ 银行小微贷款业务问题及成因分析..........................25 3.3.1 QJ 银行微贷业务存在的问题 .......................... 25 3.3.2 QJ 银行小微贷款业务问题的成因分析 .................. 30 3.4 基于供应链金融的解决路径 ..................................34 3.4.1 依托现有 IPC 微贷客户群，特色化服务 ................ 34 3.4.2 核心企业主导，拓展上下游客户 ...................... 34 3.4.3 引入第三方监管 .................................... 35 3.4.4 优化微贷调查流程 .................................. 35 第四章 基于供应链金融的微贷业务优化方案 ................... 37 4.1 基于供应链金融的微贷业务的设计思路 ........................37 4.1.1 总体设计思路 ...................................... 37 4.1.2 业务参与者定位 .................................... 38 4.2 QJ 银行微贷业务优化的主要内容..............................39 4.2.1 以客户需求为导向的产品定位优化 .................... 39 4.2.2 QJ 银行微贷业务流程优化............................ 40 4.2.3 监管体系的优化 .................................... 44 4.2.4 配套服务优化 ...................................... 45 4.3 QJ 银行微贷业务实施流程....................................46 4.3.1 与核心企业合作..................................... 46 4.3.2 调查阶段........................................... 47 4.3.3 贷款审批与放款..................................... 47 4.4 供应链金融与 QJ 银行微贷业务结合的优势分析..................48 4.4.1 完善扩大客户网 .................................... 48 4.4.2 与现有产品契合度高 ................................ 49昆明理工大学专业学位硕士学位论文 基于供应链金融的 QJ 银行微贷业务优化研究 iii 4.4.3 形成产品竞争