金融危机后，国家出台了一系列措施，以扩大内需，极大促进了危险货物运输业务量 不断增加。众所周知，危险货物呈现易燃、易爆、高腐蚀、高毒性和高辐射等特点，在危 险货物生产、储存和运输过程中，极易泄露造成安全环保事故，甚至带来严重的人身伤亡、 经济损失以及环境污染。港口是我国一种重要交通运输方式，在货物运输中起着综合枢纽 作用，港口担负着数量巨大的危险货物周转职能。对于港口安全管理来说，危险货物装卸 货作业是安全管理的重点环节，直接关系着港口的安全管理成败。所以，强化危险货物集 装箱装卸货作业管理是港口安全管理的最重要、最关键部分。 GX港口运输公司位于南京市江北区集装箱发展战略性港区，主要经营集装箱装卸（含 危险货物）、相关仓储配套服务等业务。近年来GX港口运输公司业务不断增加，企业规模 不断增大，但是在安全管理上也存在不少问题。通过调查分析发现GX公司存在工作人员 素质不高、操作人员资质欠缺、日常培训缺乏、设备设施数量不够、设备设施带病运行、 行业法律规定认识不清、作业环境风险掌握不全、安全管理制度制定不完备、安全管理措 施执行有漏洞等问题，上述安全管理问题已经危及到公司的安全运行和持续健康发展。 针对GX港口运输公司危险货物装卸安全管理存在的问题，本文认为应该从下面五个 方面着手进行改进，不断提升GX公司的安全管理水平。第一，注重发挥员工主动性。公 司要加强员工危险物品装卸安全培训，提升员工安全意识，养成规范操作的良好习惯。第 二，增强危险物品装卸员工的安全意识、加强管理人员与作业人员的安全意识培养、加强 危化品装卸设备的保养与维护。第三，强化教育培训及应急物资管理，具体分为加强培训 细分、建立应急物资管理制度以及建立危险货物资料管理制度。第四，建立安全文化理念 及规则体系。GX港口运输公司需要编制有行业特色和适合公司的《安全文化手册》，通 过安全文化手册展示公司安全文化的理念。还可定期举行会议，建立完善的安全信息沟通 机制，将安全责任落实到相关个人，共享安全信息，促进安全生产。第五，加强危化品装 卸现场安全监管力度。提高安全检查员的门槛和人员配备数量、完善绩效考核制度以及加 强作业环境管理。 关键词：因果连锁理论；人、机、料、法、环系统；安全管理 II Abstract After the financial crisis, the state introduced a series of measures to expand domestic demand, which also greatly promoted the continuous increase in the transportation of dangerous goods. As we all know, dangerous goods are flammable, explosive, highly corrosive, highly toxic, and highly radioactive. During the production, storage, and transportation of dangerous goods, they are extremely prone to leaks and cause safety and environmental accidents, and even bring serious personal injury and death. Losses and environmental pollution. The port is an important mode of transportation in my country, and it plays a comprehensive hub role in cargo transportation. The port is responsible for a huge number of dangerous goods turnover functions. For port safety management, the loading and unloading of dangerous goods is a key link in safety management, which directly affects the success or failure of port safety management. Therefore, strengthening the management of dangerous goods container loading and unloading operations is the most important and critical part of port safety management. GX Port Transportation Company is located in the strategic port area of container development in Jiangbei District, Nanjing City, mainly engaged in container handling (including dangerous goods), related warehousing supporting services and other businesses. In recent years, the business of GX Port Transportation Company has been increasing, and the scale of the enterprise has been increasing, but there are also many problems in safety management, and many safety production accidents have occurred. Through investigation and analysis, it was found that the GX company has low staff quality, lack of operator qualifications, lack of daily training, insufficient number of equipment and facilities, operation of equipment and facilities with diseases, unclear understanding of industry laws and regulations, incomplete grasp of operating environment risks, and formulation of safety management systems. Problems such as incompleteness and loopholes in the implementation of security management measures have already endangered the company's safe operation and sustainable and healthy development. In view of the problems in the safety management of GX port transportation company's dangerous goods loading and unloading, improvements should be made from the following five aspects to continuously improve the safety management level of GX Company. First, focus on giving play to employee initiative. The company should strengthen employee safety training on dangerous goods loading and unloading, enhance employee safety awareness, and develop good habits of standardized operations. Second, enhance the safety awareness of dangerous goods handling employees, strengthen the safety awareness training of managers and operators, and strengthen the maintenance and maintenance of hazardous chemical handling equipment. Third, strengthen education and training and emergency supplies management, specifically divided into III strengthening training subdivisions, establishing emergency supplies management system and establishing dangerous goods information management system. Fourth, establish a safety culture concept and rule system. GX Port Transportation Company needs to compile the "Safety Culture Manual" with industry characteristics and suitable for the company, and demonstrate the company's safety culture concept through the safety culture manual. It can also hold regular meetings to establish a complete safety information communication mechanism, implement safety responsibilities to relevant individuals, share safety information, and promote safe production. Fifth, strengthen on-site safety supervision of hazardous chemical loading and unloading. Raise the threshold of safety inspectors and the number of personnel, improve the performance evaluation system and strengthen the management of the operating environment. Key words: Causal chain theory; Human, machine, material, law, and ring system; Safety management IV 目录 摘要 .................... I Abstract .............. II 引言 ..................... 1 （一）研究背景 ......................... 1 （二）文献综述 ......................... 2 1.关于安全管理体系的研究 .............................. 2 2.关于安全管理存在问题的研究 ...................... 2 3.关于安全管理风险评估方法的研究 .............. 3 4.关于安全管理对策的研究 .............................. 3 （三）研究方法 ......................... 4 1.文献研究法 ....................... 4 2.问卷调查法 ....................... 4 一、研究危险货物装卸安全管理的理论基础 ............... 5 （一）因果连锁理论 ................. 5 （二）能量意外释放理论 ......... 5 （三）墨菲定律 ......................... 6 （四）人、机、料、法、环系统 ............................ 7 二、GX港口运输公司危险货物装卸安全管理现状 .... 9 （一）GX港口运输公司简介 .. 9 1.基本情况 ........................... 9 2.生产经营状况 ................... 9 3.组织结构 ........................... 9 4.安全生产事故发生情况 . 10 （二）GX港口运输公司危险货物装卸安全管理概况 ...................... 10 1.人员管理现状 ................. 10 2.机械管理现状 ................. 13 3.危险货物及应急物资管理现状 .................... 13 4.法律法规管理现状 ......... 14 5.作业环境管理现状 ......... 14 三、GX港口运输公司现行危险货物装卸安全管理存在的主要问题 ..... 16 （一）调查基本过程 ............... 16 1.调查问卷设计 ................. 16 2.各维度权重确定 ............. 16 3.调查样本的详细构成 ..... 18 4.调查问卷的发放与回收 . 20 （二）存在的主要问题 ........... 20 1.员工对安全第一的认可度低 ........................ 20 2.设备完好程度差 ............. 21 3.危险货物信息普及程度不足 ........................ 21 4.安全文化缺失 ................. 22 5.现场安全监督不彻底 ..... 22 四、GX港口运输公司现行危险货物装卸安全管理存在问题的主要原因 ............................ 24 V （一）员工安全意识较低 ....... 24 1.管理人员的安全意识淡薄 ............................ 24 2.作业人员的安全意识淡薄 ............................ 24 （二）装卸设备的保养、维修不善 ...................... 24 （三）培训不到位 ................... 25 1.安全教育的内容单一老