经过改革开放40年的发展，我国的医药企业在各方面均取得了喜人的成果。 但是，医药企业仍然面临着研发投入大、创新不足、企业结构不合理、竞争力较 弱等众多问题。尤其是近些年来，医药企业的发展受到了自然资源日渐枯竭、环 境污染严重、生态失衡所带来的威胁。如何使医药企业能够绿色、健康、持续的 发展，成为当下一个很重要的议题。大量的制造业实践向我们证明了绿色供应链 是使企业降低环境风险、节约资源、降低成本、提高企业与环境相容性的一种十 分有效的手段。将绿色供应链思想应用于医药企业，不但可以降低医药企业对环 境带来的负面影响，亦能在一定程度上提高企业竞争力，使企业的经营管理更加 高效。 本文通过收集和整理国内外相关文献资料，首先对绿色供应链的学术界研究 情况实现了了解和学习，对相关研究成果进行了总结。然后以绿色供应链为基础， 通过对医药企业现行供应链模式的分析，将绿色供应链融入其中，建立了医药企 业绿色供应链模型，并对医药企业绿色供应链模型和相关实施要点进行了分析。 结合系统动力学的思想，以传统库存系统为起点，逐步构建了医药企业绿色供应 链的系统动力学模型。最后以鲁南制药为例，根据前文的分析和总结，对鲁南制 药的绿色供应链管理进行了相关分析，并对鲁南制药如何实施绿色供应链管理、 如何通过绿色供应链管理提升企业竞争力提供了相关对策和策略。 关键词：医药企业，供应链，绿色供应链，系统动力学 III ABSTRACT After nearly 40 years of reform and opening up, china’s pharmaceutical companies achieved a lot in many aspects. However, there are so many questions faced by pharmaceutical companies, which hinder their development, like lack of R&D investment, poor innovation ability, unreasonable organization structure and weak competitiveness and so on. Especially in recent years, the growth of pharmaceutical companies are threatened by depletion of natural resources, serious environmental contamination, ecological imbalances. It becomes a hot and urgent topic that how to make pharmaceutical companies green, healthy and sustainable. Lot of practices from manufacturing has proved that green supply chain is efficient means to reduce environmental risks, save resources, reduce costs and improve the compatibility between companies and environment. Therefore, applying green supply chain in pharmaceutical companies can not only reduce the negative impact from the companies on environment, but also improve the competitiveness, to some extent. Moreover, in this way, the company can managed more efficient. In this thesis, using domestic and foreign literature review as beginning, the current research status about green supply chain was studied, and then relevant research results were summarized. After that, based on green supply chain and through analysing the current pattern of supply chain of pharmaceutical companies, the green supply chain model for pharmaceutical companies is conducted by taking green into consideration. In addition, the model was analysed as well as the key point of applying it. By combing system dynamics theory, a system dynamic model for green supply chain of pharmaceutical companies is constructed step by step starting from the simplest traditional inventory system. At last, take Lunan Pharmaceutical Group as an example and according to the previous analysis and summary, related suggestions to help Lunan Pharmaceutical Group to implement green supply chain management and enhance their competitiveness were put forward. KEY WORDS: Pharmaceutical companies, supply chain, green supply chain, system dynamic IV 目 录 第1章 绪论 ......................................................................................................... 1 1.1 研究背景................................................................................................. 1 1.2 国内外研究综述..................................................................................... 2 1.2.1 国内研究综述.............................................................................. 2 1.2.2 国外文献综述.............................................................................. 4 1.3 研究目的和意义..................................................................................... 6 1.3.1 研究目的...................................................................................... 6 1.3.2 研究意义...................................................................................... 7 1.4 研究内容、方法和技术路线................................................................. 7 1.4.1 研究内容...................................................................................... 7 1.4.2 研究方法...................................................................................... 8 1.4.3 技术路线...................................................................................... 9 第2章 绿色供应链及系统动力学理论基础 ................................................... 11 2.1 传统供应链........................................................................................... 11 2.1.1 供应链的定义............................................................................ 11 2.1.2 供应链的网络结构.................................................................... 11 2.1.3 供应链的特点............................................................................ 12 2.2 绿色供应链........................................................................................... 13 2.2.1 绿色供应链定义........................................................................ 13 2.2.2 绿色供应链的特点.................................................................... 13 2.2.3 绿色供应链的理论基础............................................................ 14 2.2.4 绿色供应与传统供应链的区别................................................ 15 2.3 系统动力学相关理论基础................................................................... 17 2.3.1 系统动力学概述........................................................................ 17 2.3.2 系统动力学基本理论................................................................ 18 2.3.3 系统动力学建模方法................................................................ 20 第3章 医药企业绿色供应链模型构建及分析 ............................................... 23 3.1 医药企业供应链简介........................................................................... 23 3.2 医药企业现行供应链模式及特点....................................................... 23 3.2.1 医药企业现行供应链模式........................................................ 23 3.2.2 医药企业供应链的内部流程特点............................................ 25 V 3.2.3 医药企业外部运营环境特点.................................................... 26 3.3 医药企业实施绿色供应链的必要性与可行性................................... 27 3.3.1 医药企业供应链存在的问题.................................................... 27 3.3.2 医药企业实施绿色供应链的必要性........................................ 28 3.3.3 医药企业施行绿色供应链的可行性........................................ 28 3.4 医药企业绿色供应链模型................................................................... 29 3.5 医药企业绿色供应链结构分析........................................................... 30 3.5.1 节点组织.................................................................................... 30 3.5.2 约束组织.................................................................................... 32 3.6 医药企业绿色供应链的实施............................................................... 32 3.6.1 医药企业绿色供应链的要点.................................................... 32 3.6.2 绿色设计（研发）.................................................................... 33 3.6.3 绿色计划.................................................................................... 34 3.6.4 绿色采购.................................................................................... 34 3.6.5 绿色运输.................................................................................... 36 3.6.6 绿色消费.................................................................................... 37 3.6.7 绿色回收.................................................................................... 38 第4章 医药企业绿