I 摘要 银行小微企业贷款业务的核心是风险管理，风险管理取决于融资本息是否 能安全收回。但由于小微企业存在自身实力弱、抗风险能力差、财务管理不健 全等原因，导致商业银行对小微企业的信贷投放面临较大的风险，不良贷款率 逐年上升。因此，就商业银行而言，小微企业的信贷风险管理尤为重要，一方 面可以优化小微企业信贷风险管理水平，另一方面可以提高商业银行信贷资产 安全性，提升竞争能力。 本文主要以基本风险理论为研究基础，参考相关图书、刊物、互联网资料 等文献，国内外先进的小微企业信贷风险管理理念，作为论文写作的理论基础。 以A银行云南分行小微企业信贷业务的产品种类、业务流程、风险管理现状等 数据为样本，跟踪小微企业信贷业务的办理流程，总结出各个环节存在的问题， 经过研究得出如下结论： 1.归纳出A银行云南分行小微企业信贷业务风险的成因分因是：（1）在贷 前，贷款行业投向集中导致的系统性风险、小微企业自身风险、信息不对称风 险；（2）在贷中，贷款产品创新不足、产品结构单一；（3）在贷后，风险控 制技术弱、信贷人员业务素质参差不齐等。 2.针对A银行云南分行的实际情况提出一套有针对性的小微企业信贷风险 管理策略：（1）在贷前，选择优质客户、合理信贷配给，认真做好贷前调查、 降低信息不对称；（2）在贷中，优化产品功能，创新担保方式、加强审查岗位 人员遴选、建立审查后评价制度；（3）在贷后，优化风险预警系统、提高贷后 管理质量、加强人才培养等。 本论文从结构性信贷合约视角提供了小微企业信贷业务风险管理理论研 究，在其他商业银行今后对小微企业信贷业务风险管理方面提供一定的借鉴意 义。分析了A银行云南分行小微信贷业务管理存在的问题，为提升其小微企业 信贷业务的风险控制水平，改善小微企业信贷资产质量提供了可操作性的建议， 为小微信贷业务风险管理增加案例样本。 关键词：A银行云南分行；小微企业；信贷风险；风险管理 Abstract II Abstract Thecoreofbanksmallandmicroenterpriseloanbusinessisriskmanagement, riskmanagementdependsonwhetherthefinancinginterestcanberecoveredsafely. However,duetothesmallandmicroenterpriseshavetheirownweakstrength,poor anti-riskability,financialmanagementisnotperfectandotherreasons,resultingin commercialbankstosmallandmicroenterprisescreditisfacinggreaterrisk, non-performingloanrateincreasedyearbyyear.Therefore,intermsofcommercial banks,thecreditriskcontrolofsmallandmicroenterprisesisparticularlyimportant. Ontheonehand,itcanoptimizethecreditriskmanagementlevelofsmallandmicro enterprises.Ontheotherhand,itcanimprovethesecurityofcreditassetsof commercialbanksandenhancetheircompetitiveness. Basedonthebasicrisktheory,thispapercomparesandsummarizesthe advancedcreditriskmanagementconceptsofsmallandmicroenterprisesinChina andabroadwithreferencetorelevantbooks,journals,Internetmaterialsandother literature,whichisthetheoreticalbasisofthispaper.Takingthedevelopment process,products,processes,businessstatusandotherdataofsmallandmicro enterprisecreditbusinessofBankAYunnanBranchassamples,thispapertracksthe processofsmallandmicroenterprisecreditbusiness,summarizestheproblems existingineachlink,Theresearchprocessisasfollows: 1.(1)Guidedbythediscoveryofproblems,combiningthetheoreticalbasis withtheactualtypicalcases,thecausesofthecreditbusinessrisksofsmalland microenterprisesinYunnanBranchofBankAaresummarizedasfollows:(1) Beforetheloan,thesystemicrisks,therisksofsmallandmicroenterprises,therisks ofsmallandmicroenterprisesthemselves,andtherisksofinformationasymmetry; (2)Intheloan,theloanproductinnovationisinsufficient,theproductstructureis single;(3)Afterloan,theriskcontroltechnologyisweakandthebusinessquality ofcreditpersonnelisuneven. 2.Putforwardasetoftargetedsmallandmicroenterpriseriskmanagement strategyaccordingtotheactualsituationofBankAYunnanBranch:(1)Before Abstract III loan,selecthigh-qualitycustomers,reasonablecreditrationing,carefullyinvestigate beforeloan,reduceinformationasymmetry;(2)Inlending,optimizeproduct functions,innovateguaranteemethods,strengthentheselectionofreviewpostsand establishapost-reviewevaluationsystem;(3)Afterloan,optimizetheriskearly warningsystem,improvethequalityofloanmanagement,strengthenpersonnel training,etc. Thispaperprovidesatheoreticalstudyontheriskmanagementofcredit businessofsmallandmicroenterprisesfromtheperspectiveofstructuredcredit contract,andprovidessomereferenceforothercommercialbanksinthefutureon theriskmanagementofcreditbusinessofsmallandmicroenterprises.Thispaper analyzestheproblemsexistinginthemanagementofsmallandmicrocreditbusiness ofYunnanBranchofBankA,andprovidesoperationalsuggestionsforimproving theriskcontrollevelofcreditbusinessofsmallandmicroenterprisesandimproving thequalityofcreditassetsofsmallandmicroenterprises,andaddscasesamplesfor theriskmanagementofsmallandmicrocreditbusiness. Keywords:YunnanBranchofBankA；Smallandmicroenterprises;credit risk;riskmanagement 目录 IV 目录 摘要.............................................................................................................I Abstract......................................................................................................II 目录..........................................................................................................IV 第一章绪论..............................................................................................1 第一节研究背景..................................................................................................1 一、国内小微企业融资现状.................................................................................................1 二、商业银行小微企业信贷风险管理现状.........................................................................1 三、A银行云南分行小微企业信贷风险管理面对的困境.................................................2 第二节研究意义................................................................................................3 一、理论意义.........................................................................................................................3 二、实践意义.........................................................................................................................3 第三节文献综述..................................................................................................3 一、国内研究现状.................................................................................................................3 二、国外研究现状.................................................................................................................5 三、文献研究评述.................................................................................................................6 第四节研究思路及研究方法..............................................................................6 一、研究思路和研究内容.....................................................................................................6 二、研究方法和技术路线.....................................................................................................7 第二章论文的相关概念界定和理论基础..............................................9 第一节小微企业及其信贷业务特点..................................................................9 一、小微企业的定义.............................................................................................................9 二、小微企业信贷业务特点.................................................................................................9 目录 V 第二节商业银行信贷风险管理理论................................................................11 一、商业银行信贷业务风险定义及分类...........................................................................11 二、信贷风险管理理论.......................................................................................................12 三、商业银行信贷风险管理的理论...................................................................................12 第三章A银行云南分行小微企业信贷业务及风险管理现状.........15 第一节A银行云南分行小微企业信贷业务的现状......................................15 一、发展历程及信贷结构...............................................................................................15 二、产品简介.......................................................................................................................17 三、行业分布.........