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本文研究主要围绕学费资产证券化展开,并针对FM教育投资集团,就其资 产证券化进行了“双SPV”模式设计。资产证券化(简称ABS),是指拥有证券发 行资格的证券公司或者基金子公司帮助发起人将能在未来产生现金流的资产开 展一系列的组合包装形成有价证券后,并在资本市场上出售并获得融资的行为。 2005年,在国务院的批准下,我国相关部门开始开展信贷资产证券化的试点工作, 开启了我国资产证券化之路,然而在短短三年后美国次贷危机爆发,2009年资 产证券化又处于停滞状态,直到2011年又开始重新启动,初步建立了如发行、 交易等各项基本制度。 2014年11月,证监会发布了《证券公司及其基金管理公司子公司资产证券 化业务管理规定》后,企业资产证券化业务开始得到迅猛发展[9],短短不足三年便 已发展成为万亿级市场。以上法规使得将资产证券化引入民办教育行业有了政策 上的依据。故而民办学校可将其未来有稳定现金流的学费收益权开展包装后出售, 经过资产证券化融资,以获得更长远的发展。 发行资产证券化产品作为一种新的融资渠道,已是越来越受到资本市场所青 睐,经过将未来能够产生稳定现金流的学费收益权开展证券化包装,可以解决民 办学校资金短缺的问题。学校能够在未来产生现金流的主要是学生每年缴纳的学 费及其住宿费,存在着一定波动性,而这种学费收益权能否作为基础资产,在法 律上还是难以界定,故而可以采取引进信托计划,将学费收益权转化为法律关系 明确的信托受益权,解决现金流不稳定的问题。 本文在理论上就学费资产证券化的基本概念进行了分析,在实操上,针对FM 教育投资集团的筹资困境进行了分析,涉及了资产证券化融资的方式。并利用市 场上已有昆明理工大学JQ学院资产证券化产品以及福州大学YG学院资产证券化 产品,进行了对比分析。从风险、收益等方面出发,提炼出了双SPV模式的特点 及其优势,最终得出双SPV模式有利于学费资产证券化产品的安全性提升,有助 于更便捷融资重要结论。 本研究成果将为后续其它学费资产证券化产品的创新推出,以及我国金融市 场的进一步丰富提供研究依据。 关键词:资产证券化、学费资产证券化、SPV、双SPV 昆明理工大学专业学位硕士学位论文FM教育投资集团资产证券化双SPV模式设计 II Abstract Theresearchinthispaperismainlyfocusedontheassetsecuritizationoftuition fees,andfortheFMEducationInvestmentGroup,ithasdesigneda"doubleSPV" modelforitsassetsecuritization.Assetsecuritization(ABSforshort)referstoa securitiescompanyorfundsubsidiarythatisqualifiedtoissuesecuritiestohelpthe promoterstocarryoutaseriesofportfoliopackagingofassetsthatcangeneratecash flowinthefuturetoformmarketablesecurities,andtheninthecapitalmarketSelling andobtainingfinancing.In2005,withtheapprovaloftheStateCouncil,China's relevantdepartmentsbeganthepilotworkofcreditassetsecuritization,whichopened theroadtoassetsecuritizationinChina.However,theUSsubprimecrisisbrokeout justthreeyearslater.Inastateofstagnation,itwasrestartedin2011,andbasic systemssuchasissuanceandtradingwereinitiallyestablished. InNovember2014,aftertheSecuritiesandFuturesCommissionissuedthe "RegulationsontheManagementofAssetSecuritizationBusinessofSecurities CompaniesandTheirFundManagementCompanySubsidiaries",thecorporateasset securitizationbusinesshasbeguntodeveloprapidly,andhasbecomeatrillion-levelin lessthanthreeyearsmarket.Theaboveregulationsprovideapolicybasisfor introducingassetsecuritizationintotheprivateeducationindustry.Therefore,aprivate schoolcanpackageitstuitionincomewithstablecashflowinthefutureandsellit afterpackaging,andthenobtainassetsecuritizationfinancingtoobtainlonger-term development.Asanewfinancingchannel,theissuanceofassetsecuritizationproducts hasbecomemoreandmorepopularinthecapitalmarket.Afterthesecuritization packagingoftuitionincomerightsthatcangeneratestablecashflowinthefuture,it cansolvetheproblemofshortageoffundsforprivateschools.Inthefuture,theschool cangeneratecashflowmainlyduetothetuitionfeesandaccommodationfeespaidby studentseachyear.Thereisacertainvolatility,andwhetherthistuitionincomeright canbeusedasabasicassetisstilldifficulttodefineinlaw.Therefore,itcanadoptthe introductionofatrustplan,turningthetuitionfeeincomerightintoatrustbeneficiary rightwithaclearlegalrelationshiptosolvetheproblemofunstablecashflow. 昆明理工大学专业学位硕士学位论文FM教育投资集团资产证券化双SPV模式设计 III Thisarticletheoreticallyanalyzesthebasicconceptsoftuitionassetsecuritization. Inpractice,itanalyzesthefinancingdilemmaofFMEducationInvestmentGroup, whichinvolvesthewayofassetsecuritizationfinancing.Acomparativeanalysisis madeusingtheassetsecuritizationproductsoftheJQCollegeofKunmingUniversity ofScienceandTechnologyandtheassetsecuritizationproductsoftheYGCollegeof FuzhouUniversityinthemarket.Fromtheaspectsofriskandreturn,the characteristicsandadvantagesofthedualSPVmodelwererefined,anditwas concludedthatthedualSPVmodelisconducivetoimprovingthesecurityoftuition assetsecuritizationproducts,andisimportantformoreconvenientfinancing. Theresultsofthisresearchwillprovideresearchbasisforthesubsequent innovativelaunchofothertuitionassetsecuritizationproductsandthefurther enrichmentofChina'sfinancialmarket. Keywords:AssetBase-Securitization,TuitionAssetBase-Securitization,SPV,Dual SPV 昆明理工大学专业学位硕士学位论文FM教育投资集团资产证券化双SPV模式设计 i 目录 摘要.............................................................................................................................I Abstract.......................................................................................................................II 第一章绪论.................................................................................................1 1.1选题背景与选题意义....................................................................1 1.1.1选题背景...............................................................................1 1.1.2论文选题意义.......................................................................2 1.2国内外研究.....................................................................................3 1.2.1国外研究...............................................................................3 1.2.2国内研究................................................................................3 1.3研究内容与方法............................................................................4 1.3.1研究内容................................................................................4 1.3.2研究方法................................................................................5 1.4本文的创新与不足........................................................................5 1.4.1创新之处................................................................................5 1.4.2不足之处...............................................................................6 第二章学费资产证券化的基本概念......................................................7 2.1我国民办高校的发展概况............................................................7 2.2我国资产证券化的发展历程.........................................................8 2.2.1按监管层角度划分...............................................................8 2.2.2按基础资产划分.................................................................10 2.3学费资产证券化的基本概念......................................................11 2.3.1我国学费资产证券化的发展历程....................................11 2.3.2学费资产证券化的交易构成............................................12 2.3.3SPV的组织形式.................................................................13 2.3.4学费资产证券化的主要信用风险点分析及其防范措施14 第三章FM教育投资集团资产证券化分析.............................................16 3.1FM教育投资集团的筹资困境分析...........................................16 3.1.1FM教育投资集团简介.......................................................16 3.1.2FM教育投资集团的资金来源...........................................16 昆明理工大学专业学位硕士学位论文FM教育投资集团资产证券化双SPV模式设计 ii 3.1.3FM教育投资集团的筹资困境...........................................17 3.2学费资产证券化融资的优势......................................................17 3.2.1有利因素............................................................................17 3.2.2广阔的前景........................................................................18 3.3FM教育集团资产证券化的可行性分析..............................