我国是农业大国，而水资源对农业来讲更是至关重要，2018年中国水资源公 报公布我国农业用水量占61.4%，仍以传统农业粗放漫灌为主，水利用效率低下， 并且随着城镇化进程的加快，我国农业人口逐年下降，在我国水资源及耕地资源日 益紧张的情况下，精准智能节水灌溉是必然选择。随着互联网、物联网技术的蓬勃 的发展，已经渗入到我们生活中的方方面面，国民经济的基础农业也不例外，近年 来国家出台多项政策，鼓励互联网+智慧农业企业的发展，智能节水灌溉企业也逐 渐发展起来，发展过程中也遇到诸多问题，而R公司作为广西节水灌溉行业的领先 者，其发展状况具有代表性。 本文以广西R智能节水灌溉企业作为研究对象，以哈佛分析框架为理论基础 结合实地调研，文献查阅，案例分析等方法，对R公司进行经营战略、会计、财务 和前景分析。通过分析发现，节水灌溉市场方兴未艾，但目前节水灌溉企业集中度 低、规模小，竞争加剧，人才储备不足，缺乏自身核心竞争力；在资产方面，应收 账款较多，对公司营运资金威胁很大；在财务方面，融资方式单一，融资成本高， 关键设备需进口，成本费用高，公司治理结构待完善；在前景方面，节水灌溉企业 与国家政策息息相关，对政策依赖强，具有不确定性。针对以上分析结果，提出以 下建议：扩大市场份额，加强品牌效应，提高自身核心竞争力，注重人才培养；加 强应收账款管理，提高资产管理效率；拓宽融资方式，合理利用国家优惠政策，进 口设备实现本土化生产以降低成本；紧跟国家宏观政策，及时调整公司战略。本文 基于哈佛分析框架的方法对R公司战略、会计、财务、前景进行全方位的分析，希 望能为其同行业提供借鉴和参考。 关键词：哈佛分析框架；节水灌溉企业；财务分析 II RCOMPANYFINANCIALANALYSISBASEDONHARVARDANALYSIS FRAMEWORK ABSTRACT Chinaisalargeagriculturalcountry,andwaterresourcesareevenmoreimportant foragriculture.In2018,ChinawaterresourcesbulletinannouncedthatChina's agriculturalwaterconsumptionaccountedfor61.4%,whichisstilldominatedby extensiveirrigationoftraditionalagriculture,andtheefficiencyofwateruseislow.With theaccelerationofurbanization,China’sagriculturalpopulationisdecliningyearbyyear. Undertheincreasinglytensesituationofwaterresourcesandcultivatedlandresources, precisionandintelligencearebeingsavedwaterirrigationisaninevitablechoice.With thevigorousdevelopmentofInternetandInternetofthings,allaspectsofourlifehave beeninfiltratedintoourlives.Agricultureisnoexceptiontothenationaleconomy. Recentyears,thestatehasintroducedpoliciestoencouragethedevelopmentofInternet plusintelligentagriculturalenterprises.Intelligentwater-savingirrigationenterprises havegraduallydeveloped,andmanyproblemshavealsobeenencounteredinthe developmentprocess.Rcompanyisawater-savingirrigationinGuangxi.Theleaderof theindustry,whosedevelopmentisrepresentative. Inthispaper,Rintelligentwater-savingirrigationenterpriseinGuangxiistakenas anobject.ThenaccordingtothetheoryofHarvardframework,combinedwithfield research,literaturereview,caseanalysisandothermethods,thecomprehensivefinancial analysisofRcompanyiscarriedout.ThispaperfirstintroducesthebasicsituationofR company,andthenanalyzesthestrategyofRcompany,throughPESTanalysisto understandthemacroenvironmentofwater-savingirrigationenterprises,andthenuses Porter’sfiveforcesmodeltogettheindustrialenvironmentofRcompany,anduses SWOTanalysistopointouttheadvantages,disadvantages,opportunitiesandthreatsofR company.Then,itanalyzestheaccounting,evaluatethereasonablenessand appropriatenessofaccountingpoliciesandestimatesofRcompany,andanalyzesthe III rationalityofitsaccountingpoliciesandaccountingestimates.Thencarryonthefinancial analysis,throughthefinancialstatementsandratioanalysis,getthefinancialsituationof Rcompany.Finally,combinedwiththespecificanalysisofthefirstthreeaspects,the paperanalyzestheprospectofRcompanyanditsindustry.Throughanalysis,itisfound thatthewater-savingirrigationmarketisintheascendant,butatpresent,the concentrationofwater-savingirrigationenterprisesislow,thescaleissmall,the competitionisintensified,thetalentreserveisinsufficient,andthecorecompetitiveness islacking;intermsofassets,therearemanyreceivables,whichthreatenthecompany’s workingcapital;intermsoffinance,thefinancingmethodissingle,thefinancingcostis high,thewater-savingirrigationequipmentneedstobeimported,andthecostis high.Thecostisrelativelyhigh;intermsofprospect,water-savingirrigationenterprises arecloselyrelatedtonationalpolicies,whicharerelatedtonationaleconomyand people’slivelihood.Thedevelopmentprospectdependsonnationalpoliciesgreatlyand isuncertain.Inlightoftheaboveanalysis,weofferthefollowingsuggestions:expand marketshare,strengthenbrandeffect,improvecorecompetitiveness,payattentionto personneltraining;strengthenaccountsreceivablemanagement,improveasset managementefficiency;broadenfinancingmethods,makerationaluseofnational preferentialpolicies,realizelocalizedproductionofimportedequipmenttoreducecosts; followthenationalmacropoliciesandadjustthecompany’sdevelopmentintime direction.BasedontheHarvardanalysisframework,thispaperanalyzesthefinancial situationofRcompany,hopingtoprovidereferenceforthesameindustry. KEYWORDS:HarvardAnalysisFramework;WaterSavingIrrigation Enterprise;FinancialAnalysis IV 目录 摘要.................................................................................................................................I ABSTRACT...........................................................................................................................II 第一章绪论.......................................................................................................................1 1.1研究背景...............................................................................................................1 1.2研究目的和意义..................................................................................................2 1.2.1研究目的...................................................................................................2 1.2.2研究意义...................................................................................................2 1.3研究内容与主要研究方法...................................................................................2 1.3.1研究内容....................................................................................................2 1.3.2主要研究方法............................................................................................2 1.4论文结构框架.......................................................................................................3 1.5主要创新点...........................................................................................................5 第二章相关理论基础和国内外研究现状.......................................................................6 2.1财务分析概述.......................................................................................................6 2.1.1财务分析相关概念....................................................................................6 2.1.2财务分析内容............................................................................................6 2.1.3传统财务分析方法....................................................................................6 2.2哈佛分析框架概述..............................................................................................7 2.2.1哈佛分析框架的逻辑框架.......................................................................7 2.2.2哈佛分析框架的四个维度........................................................................8 2.3国内外研究现状..................................................................................................8 2.3.1国外研究现状............................................................................................8 2.3.2国内研究现状............................................................................................9 2.3.3国内外研究现状述评..............................................................................10 第三章基于哈佛分析框架R公司财务现状分析.........................................................11 3.1R公司概况.........................................................................................................11 3.1.1R公司简介..............................................................................................11 V