第五部分 写作常用句型与过渡词语

英语的句型千姿百态，就像一个词可以有许多同义词一样，一种句型也可以有许多具有相同意思但不同模式的类型。我们只有对这些变化多端的句型千锤百炼，烂熟于心，才能在具体运用时应付自如，随意调遣。因此，在日常训练中，应多做一些句型之间的转换、不同句式的造句练习及相同句式不同意思的翻译等等。以下的就是各种并排的句型和造句。

例文
Now people in growing numbers are coming to recognize that the business spirit, which carries in its torrential course so many of the talents and energies of men into money - making, has shaped our culture and influenced our ideals and aspirations as a people.

For some time..., it has been...

例文
For some time in the past it has been widely accepted that babiesand other creatureslearn to do things because certain acts lead to "rewards": and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective reward, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological(生理)"drives" as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink of some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise.

例1
The Two-Day Weekend

The advance of science and technology makes people have more free time. Nowadays, we have 5-workday week. Therefore, our university and college students can have much more leisure time. Sports fans can play in the playground. Some students who are interested in social work can join many clubs. Of course, we also can get a part time job to gain some work experience.
There is a growing concern over the students who don't put too much emphasis on study. Some students always idle away their time, playing cards, drinking, gambling. These problems are really serious. Taking into account all these factors, we can safely come to the conclusion that the students will waste more time if they don't make good use of it.
As a student, busy as I am with my study, I also do many interesting things such as reading novels, writing articles at the two-day weekend. All work no play makes Jack a dull boy. It's really true!
"There is a growing concern over", "put too much emphsis on", "idle away their time", "Taking into account all these factors", "make good use of it", "busy as I am with my study" "All work no play makes Jack a dull boy" 这些词句就像沙漠中的金子闪闪发光，不能不使阅卷人感到欣喜。

实际上，所谓的金子无非是语言的variety, 即用词的变化，用句的变化，就语言而论不存在哪个词好，哪个词不好，哪个句子结构好，哪句子结构不好的说法。所谓语言漂亮是指语言的变化。

1．词的变化
按理说，参加考研要有5300单词的词汇量，但是真正能够用于表达的可能还不到5%。一些考生一篇200词左右的文章，把相同的词去掉不算，剩下的相异词竟不到40个。好多考生的作文里除了动词、名词、代词和介词，几乎不见一个形容词，不见一个副词。为什么能用于表达或表达正确的词比例如此之小？为什么在大学英语精读教程里学了这么多丰富的词汇和精彩的表达，到写的时候全用不上？除了其他原因，其中一条就是没有有意识地注意语言表达的方式。一想到“使”就是make ；一要表达“不仅，而且”的意思就用not only... but aslo；一要说“人们认为”就是people think ；甚至出现 More and more people who become more and more rich can buy more and more TV这样的句子。
要改变语言贫乏这一毛病，这就需要平时注意积累对同一意思的不同表达法，在写作时善于变化。在以下各例中，请读者注意用b）标明的句子。

例2
如要表示“使”，不要仅依靠make:



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