摘要 本报告评估了乌苏里江大麻哈鱼栖息地的环境质量状况在乌苏里江的虎头江段! 饶河江段!海清江段及乌苏里江左岸的中国支流挠力河!独木河!阿布沁河!七虎林河 设置了7个位点,分别于大麻哈鱼溯河期2010年10月份左右及大麻哈鱼降河期2010 年5月份左右采样,考察了当地的环境,采集水样并分析水质的理化性质,采集浮游动 植物样品对其进行简单的分类水质采取综合污染指数评价,浮游动物和浮游植物采取 香浓威纳指数进行评价,然后用HSI模型和HSI附加模型IFIM模型对乌苏里江大麻哈 鱼溯河和降河期栖息地的适宜性进行了相关的评价,最后针对乌苏里江大麻哈鱼栖息地 的破坏状况,提出了一些恢复措施 调查中,测定了水样的温度!碱度!硬度!pH!总磷!总氮!高锰酸盐指数!氨氮 等相关指数,用综合污染指数进行评价水质状况,得出的结果是,在乌苏里江大麻哈鱼 溯河与降河的主江道上,虎头江段!饶河江段和海青江段在大麻哈鱼溯河和降河期间其 水质化学耗氧量(高锰酸盐指数)超标,其它都在正常范围之内,评价的结果均为轻污 染;在乌苏里江右岸中国的支流挠力河!独木河!阿布沁河!七虎林河这4条河流其测 定的结果是在大麻哈鱼溯河期和降河期,化学耗氧量(高锰酸盐指数)偏高,其它指标 均在范围之内,评价的结果为轻污染 浮游藻类群落由硅藻!绿藻!蓝藻!隐藻!裸藻!甲藻!金藻构成优势种群主要 有:舟形针杆藻!肘状针杆藻!寡枝拟毛枝藻,随季节不同有所变化计算Shannon- Wiener多样性指数得出的H值为1.033,根据河流水生生物评价标准,水质为中度污 染与浮游动物的结果不一样,首先这是一个平均数,代表的是春天和秋天,而恰恰在 浮游藻类种类最多的夏天没有浮游植物的相关结果,故结果有一定的偏差和浮游动物 的结果相比,结合现场考察状况和水质评价的结果,浮游动物的结果要准确些 本次调查中共检测到浮游动物23种其中原生动物4种,占种类组成的17.39%; 其次是轮虫14种,占60.87%;枝角类3种占13.04%:挠足类及其无节幼虫2种, 占8.70%,从中可看出浮游动物种类组成轮虫为主计算Shannon一Wiene:多样性指数得 出的H值为1.51,通过水库水质生物评价标准,并结合浮游动物的种类和数量,确定水 质属于轻度污染 用HSI模型对乌苏里江大麻哈鱼溯河期和降河期栖息地环境质量评估的结果是虎头 的适宜度指数为1.0,为适宜栖息地,饶河为0.9,为适宜栖息地,海清为为0.85,为适 宜栖息地,挠力河为0.92,为适宜栖息地,独木河为0.7,为微适宜栖J息地,阿布沁河 为0.93,为适宜栖息地,七虎林河为0.91,为适宜栖息地 用IFIM模型对乌苏里江大麻哈鱼溯河和降河栖息地环境质量评估的结果是虎头的 适宜度指数为0,为非适宜栖息地,饶河为0.89,为适宜栖息地,海清为0.89,为适宜 栖息地,挠力河为0,为非适宜栖息地,独木河为0.8,为微适宜栖息地,阿布沁河为摘要 0,为非适宜栖息地,七虎林河为O,为非适宜栖息地两种评价比较的结果,HSI的另 一模型IFIM在评价乌苏里江大麻哈鱼栖息地质量时更加准确,因为其考虑了流速!水 深和底质组成 评价的结果是底质出现问题,针对这一问题,提出了相关的恢复建议 关键词乌苏里江;大麻哈鱼;溯河期;降河期;栖息地评估Abstraet AbstraCt ThisPaPerassessesthehabitatenvironmentalqualityofChumsalmoninWtlsuliriver.In seetionofHutou,seetionofRaohe,seetionofHaiqing,andintheleftbankofChinesetributary Wtlsuli拓verlikeNaoliheRive乙DumuheRiver,AbuqinheRiver,QihuliheRiver,setuP7sites, samPlingaboutOetober2010andaboutMay2010,andsnsPecttheloealenvironment,samPle waterandanalysisthePhusicalandehemicalProPertiesofwater,andeollectthePlankton samPlesandelassfyit.Evaluatewaterquality,weuseeomPrehensivePollutionindex, zooPlanktonandPhytoPlankton,weuseShannonWienerindextoevaluate,andthenweuse HSImodelandIFIMmodeltoevaluatethehabitatqualityinWusuliRiver,finally,forthe WusuliRiversalmonhabitatdestruetion,givesomeadvisesaboutrestoration. Inthesurvey,watertemPerature,alkalinity,hardness,PH,totalPhosPhorus,totalnitrogen, Permanganateindex,ammoniaandotherrelatedindieesweremeasured,usetheintegrated Pollutionindextoevaluatewaterquality.Theresult15thatinthemainriverofWUsuliRiver, Hutouseetion,Raoheseetion,Haiqingseetion,CODofthewaterquality15excessive,the othersareinthenormalrange,theevaluationresultsarelightPollution,therightbankofthe WLlsuliRivertributaryinChina,NaoliheRiver,Dumuhe死ver,AbuqinheRiver,Qihulihe River,arethesameresults,lightPollution. PhytoPlanktoneommunitieseonsistofdiatoms,greenalgae,cyanobaeteria,hiddenalgae, barealgae,dinoflagellates,goldenalgae.DominantsPeeiesare:boat一shaPedneedlebaralgae, elbow一sahPedneedlebaralgae,fewstiekshairtobealgae,differentwiththeseasonehange. TheShannon一Wienerindex151.033,aeeordingtoriveraquatielifeevaluationeriteria,water quality15moderatelyPolluted,notthesaxneastheresultofzooPlankton,first,theHSI15an average,rePresentssPringandautumn,butratherinsummer,thePhytonPlanktonsPeeies15the mostintheyear,eomParetoresultsofzooPlanktonandwaterqualityevaluation,theresultsof zooPlanktontobeaeeurate. IntheHSIsurvey,23sPeciesofzooPlaxlktonweredeteeted,4Protozoawhichaeeountfor 17.39%:rotifers,14sPeeiesaeeountfor60.87%;Cladoeera,3sPeeies,aeeountfor13.03%: CoPePodsandtheirnauPlii,2sPeeies,aeeountfor8.7%,weeanseefromtheresultsthatthe mainrotifersPeeieseomPositionofzooPlankton15rotifer.TheShannon一Wienerindex151.51, obtainedbybiologicalassessmentofwaterqualitystandards,eombinedwiththenumberof ZooplanktonSpeeies,eomfirmthatthewaterquality15slightlypolluted. UsingHSImodelstoassesstheuPstreamanddownstreammigrationPeriodenvironment inWusuli侧vef,theresult15:Hutou151.0,suitablehabitat:Raohe150.9,suitablehabitat; Haiqing150.85,suitablehabitat;NaoliRiver150.92,suitablehabitat:DumuRiver150.7,sub-Abstraet suitblehabitat:Abuqin死ver150.93,suitablehabitat:QiheliRiver150.91,suitablehabitat. UsingIFIMmodeltoassesstheehumsalmonuPstreamanddownstreammigrationPeriod environmentqulity,theresultsare:Hutou150.8,suitblehabitat;Raohe150.89,suitablehabitat: Haiqing150.89,suitablehabitat:NaoliRiver150,non一suitblehabitat:DumuRiver150.8, suitablehabitat:AbuqinRiver150,non一suitblehabitat:QihuliRiverisO,non一suitblehabitat. Thetwoassessmentresults,modelofIFIM15moreaeeurate,beeauseiteonsiderstheflow veloeity,waterdePthandsedimenteomPostion. Theresultoftheevaluation15thatsedimenteomPositon15themainProblem,tothe Problem,wegivesomeadvicestoreeover. Keywords:WLISuliRiver:Chumsalmon:uPstreammigration:downstreammigration: habitatassessment 111摘要,~..................................................................................................................................I Abstract..,0........................................................................................................................11 ,绪论..........................................................................................................................0...1 1.1大麻哈鱼类概述...................................................,...................................................1 1!2栖息地评估研究进展.................,...................,............,................................2 ,.2.,栖息地的概念..............................................................................................................2 1.2.2栖息地评估内容与方法.....................................................................................,..3 1.3HSI模型发展与应用.......................................................................................................7 ,.3.1HSI模型的发展历史.........................,..................................................,..........7 1.3.2HSI模型的开发和应用..............................................................................,..........7 1.4国内外大麻哈鱼类研究概况................................................................,..................9 1.5大麻哈鱼类栖息地环境要求.......,.........................................................................11 ,.5.1水温.......................................................................................................................,n 1.5.2流速............................................................................................................................13 1.5.3水深,.............................-...........................................................................,.14 1.5.4溶解氧....................................,.........................................................................14 ,.5.5水体PH值.................................................................................................................14 1.5.6底质............................................................................................................................巧 ,.5.7盐度............................................