-I- 摘要 消防设计一直是建筑设计中最为关键的一环，高层建筑的消防设计，遵循“预 防为主，防消结合”的消防工作方针，对于防止和减少高层民用建筑火灾的危害， 保护人身和财产的安全，有着至关重要的作用。而随着经济的不断发展，国内复 杂高层建筑的不断出现，突破现有建筑防火设计规范的案例层出不穷。如何解决 建筑功能设计与消防防火设计规范之间的冲突，实现功能设计与消防设计的协调 统一，是高层建筑设计首要解决的问题。 本文以海碧台项目为背景，在国内外超过现行建筑防火设计规范的建筑工程 进行防火设计研究的基础上，针对本工程的特殊性及唯一性进行的研究。本工程 立面造型奇特，由五组梯形互相搭接而成，但是平面功能较为单一，主要是普通 单元式住宅建筑及部分楼层的转换通道，此种情况给建筑、结构、设备和电气各 个专业的设计都带来了较大的挑战。文章在对防火设计可行性研究内涵界定的基 础上，依据火灾危险性程度，分析确定建筑防火的火灾类别和在火灾中主要存在 的危险因素，通过火灾模拟软件FDS（模拟火灾及烟气流动在建筑内的蔓延情况）， PathFinder（人员在建筑内的疏散路径），STEPS（模拟消防电梯运行时间），对 海碧台工程转换大厅的防火安全性、消防电梯设置的可行性、合用前室在防火疏 散中的作用进行模拟分析，并在此基础上对海碧台工程项目消防设计提出合理化 建议。 关键词，高层建筑；消防设计；火灾模拟；人员疏散燕山大学工程硕士学位报告 -II- Abstract Fire protection design has always been the most critical part of building design. Fire protection design of high-rise buildings follows the rule of ‘Prevent first, prevent with elimination’. This rule plays a crucial role in preventing and minimizing the harm of fire accident in high-rise civil buildings and in protecting the safety of life and property. With the continuous development of economy and the continuous emergence of complex high-rise buildings in china, cases that breaks through the current fire protection code emerge in endlessly. How to solve the conflict between the functional design of a building and the fire protection design code, and realize the harmonization of the functional design and the fire protection design is the primary problem to be solved in high-rise building design. This paper, based on the project of Hai Bi Tai and the research of fire protection design domestic and abroad that break through the current building fire protection code, studies the particularity and uniqueness of this project. The facade is unusual and composed of five groups of trapezoid overlapped, but the plane function is relatively simple, mainly ordinary unit housing and conversion corridor for some floors. This situation has brought great challenges to architectural, structural, and MEP design. On the basis of the definition of the feasibility study of fire protection design, based on the degree of fire risk, the article analyzes and determines the type of fire and its major risk factors in fires, through fire simulation software FDS (simulated fire and smoke flow Sprawl in the building), PathFinder (evacuation path for personnel in the building), STEPS (simulation of the running time of the fire elevator), The fire safety of the Haibit project conversion hall, the feasibility of the installation of fire elevators, and the role of the pre-combined room in fire evacuation were simulated and analyzed, and on this basis, reasonable suggestions were made for the fire protection design of the Haibitai project. Keywords: high-rise building; fire protection design; fire accident simulation;evacuation目 录 -III- 目 录 摘要..................................................................................................................................I ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................... II 第 1 章 绪 论...................................................................................................................1 1.1 课题背景及研究的目的和意义 ............................................................................ 1 1.1.1 防火设计介绍................................................................................................... 2 1.1.2 工程存在的防火设计问题 .............................................................................. 3 1.2 国内外研究............................................................................................................. 5 1.2.1 国内研究........................................................................................................... 5 1.2.2 国外研究........................................................................................................... 6 1.3 本文的研究内容及方法 ........................................................................................ 7 1.3.1 研究内容........................................................................................................... 7 1.3.2 分析方法与判定标准 ...................................................................................... 7 1.4 课题研究的构成..................................................................................................... 8 第 2 章 防火设计可行性研究方法步骤 ..........................................................................9 2.1 防火设计可行性研究的概念 ................................................................................ 9 2.2 防火设计可行性研究的方法 ................................................................................ 9 2.3 防火设计可行性研究的步骤 ................................................................................ 9 2.3.1 转换大厅防火设计可行性分析步骤 .............................................................. 9 2.3.2 消防电梯设置的可行性分析步骤 ................................................................ 10 2.3.3 合用前室的可行性分析步骤 ........................................................................ 11 2.4 防火设计可行性研究的作用 .............................................................................. 12 第 3 章 转换大厅防火设计可行性分析 ........................................................................13 3.1 火灾荷载及蔓延途径选择的基础分析 .............................................................. 13 3.1.1 近年来火灾构成统计 .................................................................................... 13 3.1.2 选择火灾可燃物类型的研究 ........................................................................ 13 3.1.3 造成火灾的其他因素影响 ............................................................................ 15 3.1.4 火灾发生的危险性分析 ................................................................................ 15 3.1.5 火灾蔓延途径分析 ........................................................................................ 16 3.2 火灾场景分析与确定........................................................................................... 17 3.2.1 火灾场景设置的原则 .................................................................................... 17 3.2.2 火源位置选择需要考虑的因素 .................................................................... 18 3.2.3 火灾增长速率和最大热释放功率分析 ........................................................ 18燕山大学工程硕士学位报告 -IV- 3.2.4 设定火灾场景选择 ........................................................................................ 21 3.3 烟气流理论........................................................................................................... 21 3.3.1 模拟分析软件的选择 .................................................................................... 22 3.3.2 物理模型的建立............................................................................................. 22 3.3.3 模型网格的划分............................................................................................. 22 3.3.4 模型输入条件................................................................................................. 23 3.3.5 可用疏散时间 T ASET 及其主要影响参数......................................................23 3.4 模拟计算结果与分析........................................................................................... 24 3.4.1 设定火灾场景 A............