在国民经济高速发展的今天，煤炭作为最重要的不可再生的资源，对社会经济发展起 到举足轻重的作用。它不仅是推动工业发展的主要动力，也是人类赖以生存的重要能源。 近些年来，我国早期开采的露天矿相继进入收尾阶段，如何延长这些露天矿服务年限，尽 可能多的回采煤炭资源是露天矿急需解决的问题。 本文以中煤龙化哈尔滨矿业公司依兰露天矿生产现状为基础，从技术与经济角度出 发，对露天矿深部扩界开采可行性进行研究。利用依兰露天矿 CAD 系统建立露天矿三维 地质模型，确定合理开采境界、计算扩界储量，提出扩界开采方案，从技术方面论证扩界 开采的可行性。分析了现有市场经济条件下的经济合理剥采比，提出经济合理剥采比需求 系数新概念，对扩界开采进行经济效益分析，进而从经济角度分析露天矿扩界开采是否可 行。 关键词，露天矿；地质模型；扩界开采；经济合理剥采比- II - Abstract With the fast-growing national economy nowadays, the coal as the most important non-renewable resources, has been playing a pivotal role in social and economic development. It is not only the main driver of industrial development, but also an important energy source for mankind's survival. In recent years, the early mining in our country have entered the final stages in succession. How to extend the service life of these open-pit mine and recovering the resources of these open pit mine as much as possible is an urgent matter. In consideration of the technical and economic aspects, the feasibility study on expansion of deep mining has been carried out, which is based on the manufacturing status of Harbin Coal Mining Company Darien River open pit. By making use of the CAD system, the establishment of open-pit’s three-dimensional geological model will be realized, so as to determine the rational exploitation boundary, calculate the expansion of world reserves and finally draw up a mining plan, which will demonstrate the feasibility of expanding boundary of the opencast from the view of technology. In this paper, it needs to analyze the economic reasonable stripping ratio at the existing conditions of market economy, advance a new concept for the economic rational stripping ratio’s coefficient, and analyze the economic benefits after expanding boundary of the opencast. Then demonstrating the feasibility of the expanding from the view of economy will be done. Key Words，Open-pit mine；Geological model；Expanding Boundary；Economical and reasonable stripping ratio- III - 目 录 摘要 ...........................................................................................................I Abstract ............................................................................................................ II 1 绪 论 ........................................................................................................ 1 1.1 问题的提出 ........................................................................................1 1.2 国内外研究现状 ................................................................................2 1.2.1 扩界开采研究现状 ....................................................................... 2 1.2.2 经济合理剥采比研究现状 ............................................................ 4 1.3 报告研究目标与研究内容 .................................................................6 1.4 报告主要技术路线 .............................................................................7 2 矿区概况 ..................................................................................................... 8 2.1 地理概况 ............................................................................................8 2.2 矿区总体规划和开采现状 .................................................................9 2.2.1 矿区总体规划 ............................................................................... 9 2.2.2 露天矿开采现状 ......................................................................... 10 2.3 边坡工程地质及水文地质条件 ........................................................11 2.3.1 矿区工程地质 ............................................................................. 11 2.3.2 矿区水文地质 ............................................................................. 13 3 边坡稳定性分析计算 ................................................................................ 14 3.1 安全储备系数与岩体力学指标确定 ................................................14 3.2 基于 FLAC 3D 的边坡稳定性数值模拟..............................................15 3.2.1 建立数值模拟模型 ..................................................................... 15 3.2.2 数值模拟结果分析 ..................................................................... 18 3.3 排土场边坡稳定 ..............................................................................24 3.3.1 排弃物料的力学指标确定 .......................................................... 24 3.3.2 排土场边坡稳定 ......................................................................... 24 4 境界确定与储量计算 ................................................................................ 26- IV - 4.1 矿床地质模型建立 ...........................................................................26 4.2 经济合理剥采比研究 .......................................................................27 4.2.1 传统经济合理剥采比 .................................................................. 28 4.2.2 经济合理剥采比确定 .................................................................. 28 4.3 扩界开采境界的确定 .......................................................................30 4.4 储量计算 ..........................................................................................31 4.4.1 储量计算原则 ............................................................................. 31 4.4.2 储量计算方法 ............................................................................. 31 4.4.3 开采境界内可采储量 .................................................................. 32 5 深部扩界开采方案可行性分析 ................................................................. 34 5.1 扩界开采方案确定 ...........................................................................34 5.2 生产剥采比均衡 ..............................................................................35 5.3 矿建工程及建设时间 .......................................................................38 6 经济效益分析 ........................................................................................... 40 6.1 投资估算 ..........................................................................................40 6.2 投资效果分析 ..................................................................................42 7 结论与展望 ............................................................................................... 45 7.1 结论 .................................................................................................45 7.2 展望 .................................................................................................45