RENEWABLES 2016
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT
2016REN21 STEERING COMMITTEE
INDUSTRY ASSOCIATIONS
Ernesto Macías Galán
Alliance for Rural Electrification (ARE)
Greg Wetstone
American Council On Renewable Energy
(ACORE)
Li Junfeng
Chinese Renewable Energy Industries
Association (CREIA)
Kane Thornton
Clean Energy Council (CEC)
Rainer Hinrichs-Rahlwes
European Renewable Energies Federation
(EREF)
Steve Sawyer
Global Wind Energy Council (GWEC)
Marietta Sander
International Geothermal Association (IGA)
Richard Taylor
International Hydropower Association
(IHA)
Karin Haara
World Bioenergy Association (WBA)
Stefan Gsnger
World Wind Energy Association (WWEA)
INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS
Yongping Zhai
Asian Development Bank (ADB)
Mahama Kappiah
ECOWAS Centre for Renewable Energy
and Energy Eficiency (ECREEE)
Paula Abreu Marques
European Commission (EC)
David Rodgers
Global Environment Facility (GEF)
Paolo Frankl
International Energy Agency (IEA)
Adnan Z. Amin
International Renewable Energy Agency
(IRENA)
Marcel Alers
United Nations Development Programme
(UNDP)
Mark Radka
United Nations Environment Programme
(UNEP)
Pradeep Monga
United Nations Industrial Development
Organization (UNIDO)
Gevorg Sargsyan
World Bank
NGOS
Irene Giner-Reichl
Global Forum on Sustainable Energy
(GFSE)
Emily Rochon
Greenpeace International
Emani Kumar
ICLEI – Local Governments for
Sustainability, South Asia
Tetsunari Iida
Institute for Sustainable Energy Policies
(ISEP)
Ibrahim Togola
Mali Folkecenter (MFC) / Citizens United
for Renewable Energy and Sustainability
Ahmed Badr
Regional Center for Renewable Energy
and Energy Eficiency (RCREEE)
Tomas Kberger
Renewable Energy Institute
Harry Lehmann
World Council for Renewable Energy
(WCRE)
Stefan Schurig
World Future Council (WFC)
Rafael Senga
World Wildlife Fund (WWF)
MEMBERS AT LARGE
Kirsty Hamilton
Chatham House
Michael Eckhart
Citigroup, Inc.
Peter Rae
REN Alliance
David Hales
Second Nature
Mohamed El-Ashry
United Nations Foundation
NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS
Reinaldo Salgado Brazil
Rasmus Abilgaard Kristensen Denmark
Tania Rdiger-Vorwerk /
Thorsten Herdan Germany
Tarun Kapoor India
Wolsey Barnard South Africa
Marisa Olano Spain
Thani Ahmed Al Zeyoudi
United Arab Emirates
Grif Thompson
United States of America
SCIENCE AND ACADEMIA
Nicolás R. Di Sbroiavacca
Fundación Bariloche
Nebojsa Nakicenovic
International Institute for Applied Systems
Analysis (IIASA)
David Renné
International Solar Energy Society (ISES)
Doug Arent
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
(NREL)
Kevin Nassiep
South African National Energy
Development Institute (SANEDI)
DISCLAIMER:
REN21 releases issue papers and reports to emphasise the importance of renewable energy and to generate discussion on issues central
to the promotion of renewable energy. While REN21 papers and reports have benefited from the considerations and input from the REN21
community, they do not necessarily represent a consensus among network participants on any given point. Although the information given
in this report is the best available to the authors at the time, REN21 and its participants cannot be held liable for its accuracy and correctness.
EXECUTIVE SECRETARY
Christine Lins
REN21
CHAIR
Arthouros Zervos
National Technical University of Athens
(NTUA)
01GLOBAL OVERVIEW 26
Power Sector .. 32
Heating and Cooling Sector36
Transport Sector ........... 38
02MARKET AND INDUSTRY TRENDS42
Biomass Energy ........... 43
Geothermal Power and Heat ........... 50
Hydropower ... 53
Ocean Energy . 57
Solar Photovoltaics (PV) ... 60
Concentrating Solar Thermal Power (CSP) ......... 67
Solar Thermal Heating and Cooling .... 70
Wind Power ... 75
03DISTRIBUTED RENEWABLE ENERGY
FOR ENERGY ACCESS 86
Status of Energy Access: An Overview . 87
Distributed Renewable Energy Technologies
and Markets ... 88
Investment and Financing. 93
Industry Development and Business Models ........ 94
Policy Developments ...... 95
Programme Developments . 96
The Path Forward ......... 97
04INVESTMENT FLOWS 98
Investment by Economy ... 101
Investment by Technology . 103
Investment by Type ........ 104
Sources of Investment ..... 105
Early Investment Trends in 2016 ........ 105
05POLICY LANDSCAPE 106
Targets ........ 108
Power Generation ......... 109
Heating and Cooling...... 115
Transport..... 116
City and Local Governments ........... 117
06ENERGY EFFICIENCY 122
Global Overview ........... 123
Market and Industry Trends125
Investment .... 130
Policies, Programmes and Plans ....... 131
07FEATURE: COMMUNITY
RENEWABLE ENERGY 134
Status and Trends ......... 136
Organisational Structures .. 137
Drivers and Benefits ....... 137
Enabling Environment and Outlook ..... 139
GSR 2016 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Foreword ........... 07
Acknowledgements . 10
Executive Summary . 16
Renewable Energy Indicators 2015.......... 19
Top Five Countries Table ........ 21
Reference Tables .... 140
Endnotes ........... 186
Methodological Notes ........... 262
Glossary264
Energy Units and Conversion Factors ........ 270
List of Abbreviations271
REPORT CITATION
REN21. 2016.
Renewables 2016 Global Status Report
(Paris: REN21 Secretariat).
ISBN 978-3-9818107-0-7
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