本文以 JL 农村信用合作联社为研究对象，采用资产负债结构理论、资本结构理论
以及与实际相结合的研究方法，并在借鉴国内外经验的基础上，总结出了完善农村信用
合作联社资产结构的优化方案。本文梳理了国内外学者关于农村信用合作联社资产结构
的相关理论和研究成果，并在厘清这些相关理论和研究文献的基础上，分析了 JL 农村
信用合作联社的发展现状，并对其资产结构改革中存在的问题和成因进行深度分析，指
出了其存在个人贷款业务发展不完善、中间业务发展不足、资产结构空心化程度加大、
信贷资产比重过大且信贷风险不断加剧、贷款营销模式单一且不良贷款大量滋生等主要
问题。并在分析和借鉴国内外农村信用合作联社资产结构改革的相关研究成果和经验的
前提下，结合 JL 农村信用合作联社当地实际情况，提出了建立资产结构调整机制和个
人贷款中心、推广多元化的资产组成、大力发展中间业务、建立内控制度以提高贷款质
量等相应的优化路径和对策方案
关键词：农村信用合作联社 信贷资产 不良贷款 资产结构调整 资产结构优化IV
Abstract
Rural finance plays a very important role in the process of transforming from planned
economy to market economy of China&39;s economy. Rural credit cooperative is the main force
to promote the rapid development of the rural finance, among which county rural credit
cooperative is an important part of the local rural financial system, and it is an important
provider of rural financial services. The rural credit cooperative has a significant contribution
to serve farmers, support entrepreneurial farmers and promote rural development. However,
the rural credit cooperative still faces with many difficulties and problems in the long-term
development and reform, especially in the assets structure of rural credit cooperative. Dealing
with the current problems play an important role in guiding the adjustment and optimization
of the asset structure of rural credit cooperative, and than it also has certain reference
significance and reference value for other rural credit cooperative facing these problems to
adjust and optimize the assets structure.
the paper chooses JL rural credit cooperative as the object of the research, and laid
special stress on analyzing of the assets structure of rural credit cooperative, adopting the
theoretical research and theory with practice method as a result we sum up some solutions to
perfect the assets structure of rural credit cooperative based on drawing lessons from domestic
and foreign experience. Firstly, this paper studies the asset structure of rural credit cooperative
of the scholars at home and abroad, on the basis of these theories, the paper analyzes the
status and the problems of the JL rural credit cooperative. The paper deeply analyzes the
problems and causes of the reform of the assets structure，The investment structure is simple，
and loan marketing model is simple. Meanwhile the increasing hollow degree of the asset
structure and the large proportion of credit increases credit risk, causing large number of bad
loans appear. Lastly, on the basis of comprehensive study on the assets structure of rural credit
cooperative and the practical situation of JL rural credit cooperative, this paper puts forward
the corresponding measures, including establishment the assets structure adjustment
mechanism and personal loan center, the promotion the diversification asset composition’s,
development of the intermediate business, setting up the internal control system to improveV
the quality of loans.
Key Words: The Rural Credit Cooperative; Credit Assets; Non-performing Assets; Asset
Structure Survey; Asset Structure Optimization.VI
目 录
摘要......III
Abstract.....IV
1 绪论.......1
1.1 研究背景 ...........1
1.2 研究的目的和意义 ...2
1.2.1 研究目的 .......2
1.2.2 研究意义 .......2
1.3 国内外相关研究文献综述 .........2
1.3.1 国外文献综述 ...2
1.3.2 国内文献综述 ...4
1.3.3 研究文献评价 ...6
1.4 本文研究思路、方法与创新点 .....6
1.4.1 研究思路 .......6
1.4.2 研究方法 .......7
1.4.3 创新点 .........8
2 相关理论基础9
2.1 JL 农村信用合作联社资产结构优化的理论基础 ..9
2.1.1 资产管理理论 ...9
2.1.2 负债管理理论 ..10
2.1.3 资本结构理论 ..10
2.1.4 资产负债管理及现代资产组合理论 ........11
2.2 JL 农村信用合作联社资产结构优化的影响因素 .11
2.2.1 外部因素 ......12
2.2.2 内部因素 ......12
2.3 资产结构优化原则与资产结构的关系 ..........13
2.3.1 安全性原则与资产结构 ......13
2.3.2 流动性原则与资产结构 ......13VII
2.3.3 效益性原则与资产结构 ......14
3 JL 农村信用合作联社发展中存在的问题及成因分析 .15
3.1 JL 农村信用合作联社的发展现状 .15
3.1.1 JL 农村信用合作联社的基本情况..........15
3.1.2 JL 农村信用合作联社的经营现状..........15
3.2 JL 农村信用合作联社现有资产结构存在的问题 .20
3.2.1 个人贷款业务发展不完善 ....20
3.2.2 中间业务发展不足导致资产业务结构过于简单 ..........21
3.2.3 资产配置脱离实体经济加大了资产结构的空心化程度 ....21
3.2.4 信贷资产比重过大且信贷风险不断加剧 ....22
3.2.5 贷款营销模式简单落后且不良贷款大量滋生 22
3.3 JL 农村信用合作联社资产结构存在问题的成因分析 .........23
3.3.1 贷款业务管理不合理 ........23
3.3.2 个人信贷产品创新机制不完善 23
3.3.3 资产负债管理能力弱 ........23
3.3.4 个人贷款风险管理流程不合理 24
3.3.5 不良贷款持续发酵 ..........24
4 国内外的先进经验及启示.26
4.1 国外先进经验 ......26
4.1.1 美国复合信用型模式 ........26
4.1.2 印度小额信贷分担机制 ......26
4.1.3 日本农村信贷保险制度 ......27
4.2 国内先进经验 ......27
4.2.1 香港汇丰银行 ..27
4.2.2 国内重要商业银行 ..........28
4.3 启示 ..
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