企业环境战略作为企业竞争战略的组成部分，其选择应以增强企业竞争优势
为目的，平衡企业的经济绩效与环境绩效，因此本文在战略的制定和选择上采用
企业竞争战略的相关方法，并在具体分析中结合将区域协同发展对企业环境战略
的影响，选择适合河北煤炭企业发展的环境战略。本文采用 QSPM（定量战略计
划矩阵）做为企业环境战略的选择方法，根据 PEST 模型分析区域协同发展对企业
环境战略的影响，根据 SWOT 分析模型确定企业环境战略关键因素并制定企业环
境备选战略，根据 AHP 方法确立企业环境战略关键因素权重，最后在定量分析基
础上得出在区域协同发展中河北省煤炭企业面临着内部劣势较大，外部机遇明显
的竞争态势，应采取适应型环境战略，通过前置措施预防污染，降低环境破环，
以一体化为基础，采用煤炭综合开发战略达到企业环境绩效和经济绩效的双提升
关键词：煤炭企业；环境战略；区域协同发展；SWOT 模型；QSPM 矩阵II
Abstract
Coal is China39;s most important energy minerals which plays an important role in
national economic development. Hebei is a major province in coal industry and steel
industry of China. Affected by the rapid economic growth, the coal enterprises in this
province have gone through a period of tremendous development. But with the
continuous progress of social development, the characteristics of coal which is low
product development level and high environmental pollution level is incompatible with
the current situation which is focusing on environmental protection and product
technology. The coal enterprises are also faced with falling prices, cutting overcapacity,
reduced demand and other crises. Hebei is facing grim situations that include ecological
environment conservation, excess capacity reducing, industrial structure updating,
which is formed by Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei integration and transformation of national
development strategy in recent years. The coal enterprises will not adapt to the current
competitive environment if they still select the industrial layout in accordance with past
production methods and strategies. The coal enterprises in Hebei need to develop
appropriate environmental strategies for enhancing economic performance and
ecological performance, building modern coal enterprises under the new situation,
responding to the changes in the external environments.
As a part of the competitive strategy, the enterprise environment strategy should
balance the economic performance and environmental performance of the enterprise,
which means it should be chosen by the aim of enhancing the competitive advantage of
the enterprise. Therefore this dissertation adopts the relevant methods of the enterprise’s
competitive strategy in the strategy formulating&selecting , combines the influence of
regional coordinated development on the enterprise environment strategy in specific
anglicizing, to find the most suitable the environmental strategy for the coal enterprises
in Hebei. The author of this dissertation uses QSPM (Quantitative Strategic Planning
Matrix) as the choosing method of enterprise environment strategy, uses PEST model to
analyze the influence of regional collaborative development on enterprise environment
strategy, uses SWOT to determine the key factors of enterprise environment strategy
and establish enterprise environment strategy, uses the AHP method to determine theIII
weight of the key factors. The author concludes that the coal enterprises in Hebei
province are facing the internal competitive disadvantage and obvious external
opportunities, which make them adopted the adaptive environment strategy. The coal
enterprises need to do pre-measure to prevent pollution and reduce environmental
damage, which takes coal comprehensive development strategy to achieve double
advancement in environmental performance and economic performance of the
corporate.
Keywords: Coal enterprises; Environmental strategy; SWOT;
Coordinated regional development; QSPM目 录
摘要 .....I
ABSTRACT II
第 1 章 绪论.......1
1.1 研究背景及应用前景....1
1.2 国内外研究现状 2
1.2.1 区域协同发展.........2
1.2.2 企业环境战略 .........4
1.3 研究方法及框架 6
1.3.1 研究方法 .....6
1.3.2 研究框架 .....6
1.4 研究创新 7
第 2 章 相关理论概述...9
2.1 企业环境战略内涵 ........9
2.2 企业环境战略选择关键因素 ..10
2.3 企业环境战略选择工具 ..........11
2.3.1 PEST 模型.11
2.3.2 SWOT 分析模型...12
2.3.3 QSPM 矩阵 ...........12
2.3.4 AHP ...........13
2.4 区域协同发展内涵 ......13
2.5 区域协同发展对企业环境战略影响 ..14
第 3 章 河北省煤炭企业现状分析.....17
3.1 河北省宏观经济与煤炭资源现状 ......17
3.2 河北省主要煤炭企业 ..18
3.3 河北煤炭企业发展现状 ..........19
3.4 河北煤炭企业存在问题 ..........23
第 4 章 区域协同发展对河北煤炭企业环境战略影响分析.30
4.1 区域协同发展在政治领域的影响 ......30
4.2 区域协同发展在经济领域的影响 ......314.3 区域协同发展在社会领域的影响 ......32
4.4 区域协同发展在技术领域影响 ..........33
4.5 区域协同发展在交通信息的影响 ......34
第 5 章 区域协同发展进程中河北煤炭企业环境战略制定.36
5.1 河北煤炭企业环境战略目标 ..36
5.2 河北煤炭企业环境战略制定工具 ......37
5.3 河北煤炭企业环境战略 PEST-SWOT 矩阵关键因素...........37
5.3.1 优势关键因素 .......37
5.3.2 劣势关键因素 .......37
5.3.3 机遇关键因素 .......38
5.3.4 挑战关键因素 .......38
5.4 构建 PEST–SWOT 矩阵 .........38
5.5 战略分析 ..........39
5.5.1 WT 战略（防御型战略） 39
5.5.2 ST 战略（反应型战略） .40
5.5.3 WO 战略（适应型战略） ...........40
5.5.4 SO 战略（前瞻型战略） .40
第 6 章 区域协同发展进程中河北煤炭企业环境战略选择.42
6.1 河北煤炭企业环境战略选择工具 ......42
6.2 河北煤炭企业环境战略关键因素权重确定 ..42
6.2.1 构建层级模型 .......42
6.2.2 构建比较阵列及一致性检测 .......43
6.2.3 获得关键因素权重值 .......47
6.3 河北省煤炭企业环境战略平面选择坐标系 ..49
6.4 对备选战略进行吸引力评分 ..49
6.5 构建 QSPM 矩阵 .........50
6.6 战略选择及评价 ..........51
第 7 章 区域协同发展进程中河北煤炭企业环境战略措施.53
7.1 提升管理思维，重视长远利益 ..........53
7.2 强化产能控制，实现绿色开采 ..........53
7.3 做强核心业务，发展煤基联产 ..........53
7.4 加快数字化建设，提高管理水平 ......54
7.5 强化人才培育，形成技术优势 ..........54
7.6 构建企业文化，增强企业竞争力 ......54结论.........55
致谢.........56
参考文献.57
附录.........60
作者简介.63
攻读硕士学位期间发表的论文和科研成果.....641
第 1 章 绪论
1.1 研究背景及应用前景
从国际上看，国际社会和各大经济体已基本就未来发展方式达成共识，具有生
态绿色可持续发展的低碳环保经济发展模式正在成为主流，各国政府纷纷出台政
策支持和鼓励企业向生态友好和低碳环保方向转变，并加大了对破坏环境等行为
的惩处力度，可以预见未来经济将以同资源环境相互协同的方式增长。从国内上
看，我国过去选择了能耗大、污染高的“高碳经济”增长方式，而这种增长方式
留下了巨大的环境隐患，唯 GDP 论的发展引发了巨大的生态问题，严重影响了社
会经济稳定健康发展。目前我国经济发展面临着资源消耗过快、生态压力上升和
全球气候变化等诸多挑战，必须转变经济增长方式，淘汰落后低质产能，推进环
境友好型产业发展，并要下大力气实行节能减排。在政府最新的“十三五”规划
纲要中，将生态环境改
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