近十年来,物业服务行业仍然保持着劳动密集型服务业的显著特征,一线员工流
动性大,技术人才供不应求,而且由于员工流动性大,导致企业人才流失,并且
不利于企业持续提升服务质量。
本研究主要采用了调查问卷的形式,从 CG 物业公司选取了不同传记特征的员
工作为调查对象进行实证研究;然后根据问卷收集的数据信息,使用 SPSS15.0 和
LISREL8.7 作为统计工具进行数据分析。通过定量分析,对员工-企业匹配、工作
满意感和离职倾向之间关系进行研究,以帮助企业招聘和培养与企业发展相匹配
的人才队伍,提高工作满意度,降低离职率,促进员工与企业共同协调发展。
本文研究的主要结论有:第一,通过探索性因子分析,得出CG物业公司员工
-企业匹配包括三个因子:即资源-需求匹配、能力-需要匹配和一致性匹配;
CG物业公司员工的工作满意感有一个因子,即工作满意感;CG物业公司员工离职
倾向有一个因子,即离职倾向。第二,通过契合度分析发现:员工的年龄对一致
性匹配有显著差异,员工受教育程度对能力-需要匹配和离职倾向有显著差异,
职务类别对资源-需求匹配和工作满意感有显著差异,管理人员与一般员工、不
同职位层级的员工在资源-需求匹配、能力-需要匹配、一致性匹配及工作满意
感、离职倾向均有显著差异。第三,通过回归分析发现:员工-企业匹配的资源
-需求匹配、能力-需要匹配和一致性匹配对工作满意感均有显著正向影响;而
资源-需求匹配、能力-需要匹配和一致性匹配对离职倾向均无影响。此外,工
作满意感对离职倾向也没有影响。而员工年龄、服务年限、更换单位次数和年收
入对资源-需求匹配均有显著影响;职位层级对能力-需要匹配的影响最大;员
工年龄和服务年限对一致性匹配的影响最大;职务类别、更换单位次数及年收入
对工作满意感影响最大;员工年收入对离职倾向的影响最大。
本文的研究结论为CG物业公司管理当局提供了可靠的人力资源管理策略,指
导企业更多关注并立足于完善员工与企业匹配、以及明确得出可有效改善员工与
企业匹配及提高工作满意感的具体要素,可以减少企业因人才流失而带来的损失,
实现员工与企业发展的高度匹配。
关键词:物业公司、员工-企业匹配、工作满意感、离职倾向。
ABSTRACT
With the rapid development of the real-estate industry in China, professional
property management rise at a rapid speed as a new service industry. Talents not only
had become the biggest driving force for the sustainable development of enterprises,
and also had become the strategic resource for enterprises’ development. In recent
decade, the property service industry still kept the obvious features of the
labor-intensive services sector, i.e. high mobility of front-line employees and short
supply of technical talents. Because of such a high mobility of employees, enterprises
suffer the brain drains so that it’s not beneficial for enterprises to improve its service
quality.
This research mainly adopts questionnaires, and selects different job categories of
employees from the CG property company as the research object for empirical research.
Then, according to collected data and information from questionnaires, the author uses
SPSS15.0 and LISREL8.7 as statistical tools for data analysis. Through quantitative
analysis, the author researches the matching of employees and enterprises, the
relationship between job satisfaction and turnover intention, to help the companies
recruit and cultivate talent team matching enterprises’ development, to improve the job
satisfaction and reduce turnover rate and to promote coordinated development of
employees and enterprise.
In this thesis, the main points are concluded as follows: first of all, through
exploratory factor analysis, it is concluded that there are 3 factors on matching of
employees and enterprises in CG property company: resources-demands fit,
abilities-needs fit and supplementary fit; one factor of employees' job satisfaction in CG
property company has a factor, i.e. job satisfaction; one factor of employee turnover
intention in CG property company, i.e. the turnover intention. Secondly, through
matching level analysis the author finds out that: (1) the employee's age significantly
impacts the difference on the difference of the supplementary fit, (2)education level of
employees hugely impacts the difference on abilities-needs fit and turnover intention,
(3)categories of job functions significantly impacts the difference on the
resources–demands fit and job satisfaction, (4) the difference between ordinary
employees and management employees and employees on different ranks impact the
difference on resources–demands fit, abilities-needs fit, supplementary fit and job
satisfaction. Thirdly, through the regression analysis, the author finds out that the
resources–demands fit, abilities-needs fit and supplementary fit–of employee-enterprise
fit have positive influence on job satisfaction and however they have no impact on
turnover intention. What’s more, job satisfaction has no connection with turnover
intention. But, age, serving years, time of changing jobs and yearly income have
remarkable influence to supplementary fit. Rank of positions has the biggest influence
on abilities-needs fit. Age and serving years of employee have biggest influence on
supplementary fit. Categories of job functions and times of changing jobs have the
biggest influence on job satisfaction. Yearly income of employee has the biggest
influence on turnover intention.
The conclusion in this thesis provides reliable human resources management
strategy to executives of the CG company, guiding enterprises to pay more attention to
establish perfect matching of employees and enterprise, and making clear concrete
factors which effectively improve the level of the matching of employees and
enterprises and improve job satisfaction. Finally, it helps reduce the loose incurred from
the brain drain and realize high match of employees and enterprises.
Keywords: property management company, employee-enterprise fit, job satisfaction
and turnover intention
第一章 绪 论
1.1 研究背景
近年来,服务业在世界经济中的地位已经日益突出,我国的经济结构也正在
转向以服务经济为主。物业管理行业是一个新兴的服务业,未来具有相当好的发
展前景。但是,由于行业发展速度太快,行业人员流动率高的现象十分严重,造
成了技术人才的流失,是目前物业服务企业人力资源管理的最大难题。
如果继续用传统的管理方式解决人才流失问题,根本无法满足现阶段企业快
速发展过程中对人才需求的匹配。国外曾有一项调查报告指出,如果企业不能对
他们的人才需求做好规划,任何突发的人才需求都会对这样的企业造成严重的破
坏。对公司而言,任何一个有技能的员工流失都是一种损失,而行业技术快速更
新所产生的人才需求也会给企业带来危机。因此,没有实施任何人力资源规划的
公司,基本上只能是等待机会的到来,或者干脆要等到员工主动离职后再去寻找
解决的办法。威廉怀特(William H. Whyte)所著的经典书籍《组织人》(The
Organization Man)就反映了当时历史上显著的员工和雇主的关系。
作为 CG 物业公司管理层的一员,如何降低员工的高离职率以及人才供求的不
匹配,已是非常紧迫。通过大量阅读人与组织匹配的研究文献后,发现这个领域
在正确的理解和解决人才流失、员工-企业匹配问题具有实践指导意义。虽然影
响员工离职的因素很多,但是员工与企业是否匹配是影响员工离职的重要因素。
大量的学术研究结果在结合组织行为学、人力资源管理、管理学、心理学及协同
学等专业学科的理论基础上,对员工与企业匹配的管理实践带来了极其重要的管
理实践价值。许多理论研究成果表明,在企业人力资源管理实践中,不仅要考虑
到员工的能力与企业岗位是否匹配,更重要的是要考查员工特征与企业特征之间
的匹配程度。
本研究旨在解决 CG 物业公司实际存在的员工管理问题,尤其是工作满意感和
离职率问题,应用实证研究的方法,借助于以往学者成熟的理论成果,分析 CG 物
业公司员工与企业匹配的基本特征和不同维度,进一步研究员工-企业匹配对员
工的工作满意感和离职倾向的关系,最终提出有效的人力资源管理策略。
在此,还需要特别说明的是,本文研究中的“员工与企业匹配”跟“员工与组织
匹配”的含义相同,因此,在文中将以“员工-企业匹配(Employee-Enterprise fit, E-E
fit)”一词来代替“员工与