首先,通过梳理大连环卫事业发展历史,并对其改革的基本情况进行总结,运用比
较归纳法、实证分析法、定性分析法和定量分析法等研究方法,剖析了大连环卫事业发
展现状。认为随着城镇化的快速推进,城市不断扩容,加之大连市环境卫生管理存在管
理职能分散、市场化程度不高、机制不活、资金投入不足、作业质量不高等问题,市民
对中心城区整体环境质量不满意度逐年提高,相关改革迫在眉睫。
其次,利用制度转型成本分析理论对大连环卫事业改革的经济成本、社会成本、政
治成本构成及分担进行分析,得出大连环卫事业改革成本的合理分担是改革成功与改革
顺利推行的关键。要实现改革不中断、不停顿,就要不断拓展改革成本的分担途径。
最后,为了有效推进城镇市政公用事业改革,探索过程中的成本分担方式,建立成
本分担补偿机制,化解改革过程中的经济成本、社会成本和政治成本,从关注公共利益
降低改革成本、转变政府职能保证改革的公益性属性和完善市政公用事业改革配套政策
等方面,提出大连市政公用事业改革的对策。
关键词:市政公用事业;环卫事业改革;成本分析;大连市
Abstract
Municipal utilities led by the Government is an important platform for the delivery of
public services to the community. In April 2005,the Liaoning Province issued the document of
Liaoning Provincial People&39;s Government to speed up the reform of the province&39;s municipal
utilities Opinions, In order to meet the requirements of the development of socialist market
economic system, rising municipal quality and level of public service provision, 2011 Dalian
City take the lead in the implementation of the sanitation utilities reform, and achieved positive
results, but also there are some problems to be solved.
First, sort out the cause of Dalian sanitation development history, and summarizes the
basic situation of the reform, the use of comparative inductive method, empirical analysis,
qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis and other research methods, analysis of the
present situation of Dalian Sanitation career development. That With the rapid progress of
urbanization, the city continued expansion, combined with the Dalian Municipal
Environmental Health management functions dispersed, high degree of market mechanism is
not active, insufficient capital investment, job quality is not high,the overall environment of the
public central city dissatisfied with the quality has increased annually, reform is urgently
needed.
Secondly, use the cost of institutional transformation theory for analysis the Dalian
sanitation utilities reform economic costs, social costs, political costs. Come to a reasonable
share of the cost of Dalian sanitation utilities reform is key to the success of the reform and the
smooth implementation of the reform. To achieve reform does not interrupt, do not stop, we
must continue to expand reform and cost-sharing.
Finally, in order to effectively promote the town municipal utilities reform, explore the
process of cost-sharing, establish the cost-sharing compensation mechanism, resolve the
economic costs, social costs and political costs of the reform process. Concerned about the
public interest to reduce the cost of reform, transformation of government functions to ensure
that the reform of the welfare properties and improve municipal utilities reform and supporting
policies proposed the Dalian municipal utilities reform measures.
Key words: Municipal utilities; Sanitation utilities reform; Cost analysis; Dalian City
1绪论
1.1研究的背景与意义
1.1.1问题的提出
市政公用事业由政府主导举办,是向社会提供公共服务的重要平台。随着我国改革
开放进程的不断推进,市政公用事业也得到很大发展,社会对公用事业服务需求也不断
提升。为适应社会主义市场经济体制发展要求,不断提升市政相关公共服务供给质量和
水平,国家要求各地加快推进市政公用事业改革。
拥有“浪漫之都”美称的大连市,一直以来以环境优美、城市整洁而闻名于世,先
后获得联合国“全球环境500佳”、“国际花园城市”,中国“人居环境奖”、“文明
城市”和“环境保护模范城市”等称号,这些都与大连城市环境卫生事业的快速发展密
不可分。近年以来,随着城镇化的快速推进,城市不断扩容,加之大连市环境卫生管理
存在管理职能分散、市场化程度低下、机制不灵活、资金投入保障不充分、作业质量不
高等问题,大迹环境卫生业发展遇到很大挑战,市民对屮心城区整体环境质量不满意
度逐年提高。
为应对口益严峻的城市环境卫生问题,2010年下半年,大连市启动环境卫生事业改
革前期调研工作,就体制机制、作业体系、质量标准、财政保障、基础设施建设、作业
考核体系建立等方面对上海、杭州、深圳等环卫事业发展先进城市进行调研。2011年1
月市长办公会专题研究环卫事业改革工作,责成有关部门全力配合改革工作的推进,正
式动该项改革;201丨华3月大违市人民政府出台《关于推进城市环境卫生事业改革的
实施意见》;2011年4 jj举行“大连市环境卫生事业改革市场化运营交接仪式”,标志
着大连市环卫改革实施工作告一段落;201丨年5月1曰起,大连市城市中心区环卫
事业全而实行政企分〕r、符干分开和市场化运作,建立市、区、街三级管理体制,全面
放开环卫作业服务市场。
大连环卫亊业改革至今已市场化运行2年,此次改革在一定程度上促进了体制机制
的创新,发挥了环卫业的公共服务功能,完善了政府调控及服务职能,推进了大连环
卫事业V业化、社会化、产业化进程,小心城区城市环境更加整洁、优美、舒适。然而,
相关人员安置,经费雜集,环卫作业市场监管,市场机制进一步健全,社会舆论监督机
制建立,改年领导者及一线工作人M改利五力等问题还钉待进-步研究、细化、解决。
本文尝试通过调杏研究的方法客观全而地梳理大连环卫改平全过程,并对其成本进
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